Anal-retentive

Anal-retentive is a term used to describe someone who is extremely or excessively neat, careful, or precise. The term comes from the classical psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, where it refers to a phase of the anal stage in which pleasure is obtained by retaining feces, thereby defying the parent, and in which the sadistic instinct is linked to possession and control of the object. In later life, anal-retentive behaviors include orderliness, stubbornness, and a compulsion for control.


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He also faulted Gutierrez Reed for leaving guns and ammunition unsecured, saying she was nothing like the "uptight," "anal retentive" armorers he had encountered over his 30-year career.

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Origins
Influence and refutation
See also
References
Anal retentiveness

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An anal retentive person is a person who pays such attention to detail that it becomes an obsession and may be an annoyance to others.[1] The term derives from psychoanalysis techniques employed by Sigmund Freud.

Origins
In Freudian psychology, the anal stage is said to follow the oral stage of infant or early-childhood development. This is a time when an infant's attention moves from oral stimulation to anal stimulation (usually the bowels but occasionally the bladder), usually synchronous with learning to control its excretory functions—in other words, any form of child training and not specifically linked to toilet training. Freud posited that children who experience conflicts, in which libido energy is under-indulged during this period of time, and the child is perhaps too strongly chastised for toilet-training accidents, may develop "anal retentive" fixations or personality traits. These traits are associated with a child's efforts at excretory control: orderliness, stubbornness, and compulsions for control.[2] Conversely, those who are overindulged during this period may develop "anal-expulsive" personality types.[3]

Influence and refutation
Freud's theories on early childhood have been influential on the psychological community; the phrase anal retentive and the term anal survive in common usage. The second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-II) introduced obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), with a definition based on Freud's description of anal-retentive personality.[4] But the association between OCPD and toilet training is largely regarded as unsupported "pop-psychology" and therefore discredited by the majority of psychologists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.[5] There is no conclusive research linking anal stage conflicts with "anal" personality types.[5]

See also
Encopresis
Psychosexual development
References
 "anal-retentive". Memidex/WordNet Dictionary/Thesaurus. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
 Hall, Calvin S. (1954). A Primer of Freudian Psychology. New York: New American Library. p. 108. ISBN 0-452-01183-3.
 "Psychosexual Development". www.victorianweb.org. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
 Pinto, Anthon y; Eisen, Jane L.; Mancebo, Maria C.; Rasmussen, Steven A. (2008). "Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder" (PDF). In Abramowitz, Jonathan S.; McKay, Dean; Taylor, Steven (eds.). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Subtypes and Spectrum Conditions. Elsevier. pp. 246–263. ISBN 978-0-08-044701-8.
 Berger, Kathleen (2000). The Developing Person. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 218. ISBN 1-57259-417-9.
Categories: Freudian psychologyPsychoanalytic terminologyToilet training
This page was last edited on 3 January 2024, at 13:52 (UTC).

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Anal expulsiveness

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(Redirected from Anal-expulsive)
Not to be confused with Anal retentive.
Anal expulsiveness is a theorized state of a person who exhibits cruelty, emotional outbursts, disorganization, self-confidence, artistic ability, generosity, rebelliousness and general carelessness.[1][2]

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory claims the anal stage follows the oral stage of infant/early-childhood development. This is a time when an infant's attention moves from oral stimulation to anal stimulation (usually the bowels but occasionally the bladder), usually synchronous with learning to control their excretory functions, a time of toilet training. For children in this stage of development, control of bowel movements is the stage at which they can express autonomy by withholding, refusing to comply, or soiling themselves.[3] Conflicts with bullying parents regarding toilet training can produce a fixation in this stage, which can manifest itself in adulthood by a continuation of erotic pleasure in defecation.[1]

Anal-expulsive refers to a personality trait present in people fixated in the anal stage of psychosexual development. The anal stage is the second of five stages of psychosexual development.

In modern times, psychosexual stages are considered to have limited value in understanding the more severe psychopathology.[4]

References
 Sharan, A.K. (2000). Encyclopaedia of Abnormal Psychology. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 407. ISBN 81-261-0475-9.[permanent dead link]
 Kosslyn, S. (2004). Psychology: The brain, the person, the world. Rosenberg, R. (2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-205-37609-4.
 Magnavita, Jeffrey J. (2002). Theories of Personality: Contemporary Approaches to the Science of Personality. John Wiley and Sons. p. 90. ISBN 0-471-37890-9.
 Livesley, W. John (2001). Handbook of personality disorders. The Guilford Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-471-37890-9.
External links
Gerard Keegan's discussion of the anal stage of psychosexual development
Categories: Psychoanalytic terminologyFreudian psychology
This page was last edited on 20 September 2023, at 02:29 (UTC).