Runtu Anthropology, psychology, literary theory UK

Runtu : In a wide variety of fields, /  http://stihi.ru/2023/12/08/2774 / from anthropology to psychology and literary theory Russia


Runtu : tends toward cultural relativism, / http://stihi.ru/2023/12/08/2648 / and celebrates pluralism, discontinuity and heterogeneity Russia


© 18+ : Все права принадлежат авторам, 2000-2022. Портал работает под эгидой Российского союза писателей. Интеллектуальная Элита Демократической России : 18+ Russia 2024.

   2023 _  Photo - ГЕОРГИЙ ЛАРИН : George Larin / http://stihi.ru/2023/08/09/3466 / 2024

2024: "Нео-трансцендентальный театр впервые зародился в Австралии, основоположником его является крупнейший современный англо-франко-русскоязычный писатель, драматург и журналист Юри Мэттью Рюнтю... " 2024

Book : 2024 GEORGE LARIN: URI RUNTU'S PLAYHOUSE: critical reviews: AUSTRALIA: THE NEO-TRANSCENDENTAL THEATRE: ART COLLECTION: 1 - 5 PLAYS: 1-20 ESSAYS: 1-st Edition: Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-92527-85-8-3: French: English: Russian: volume 1: 1- 494 pages: Published Canberra ACT Australia: NLA ID 8855253

Book : 2024 GEORGE LARIN: URI RUNTU'S PLAYHOUSE: critical reviews: AUSTRALIA: THE NEO-TRANSCENDENTAL THEATRE: ART COLLECTION: 6 - 10 PLAYS: 1-20 ESSAYS: 1-st Edition: Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-92527-83-7-8: French: English: Russian: volume 2: 1- 613 pages: Published Canberra ACT Australia: NLA ID 8855253

Book : 2024 GEORGE LARIN: AUSTRALIA: URI RUNTU'S PLAYHOUSE: THE NEO-TRANSCENDENTAL THEATRE: ART COLLECTION: 1 - 10 PLAYS: 1-st Edition: Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-92527-80-9-3: French: English: Russian: volume 3: 1- 641 pages: Published Canberra ACT Australia: NLA ID 8855253

George Larin : ГЕОРГИЙ ЛАРИН

2024 : " The neo-transcendental theatre was born for the first time in Australia, his founder is the most well-known modern English-French-Russian writer, the playwright and the journalist Uri Matthew Runtu (Canberra ACT).. " 2024

2024 Hео-трансцендентальный театр Рюнтю Юри 1-1748 CTP : 1 - 1748 pages

Runtu : In a wide variety of fields, /  http://stihi.ru/2023/12/08/2774 / from anthropology to psychology and literary theory Russia

Runtu : tends toward cultural relativism, / http://stihi.ru/2023/12/08/2648 / and celebrates pluralism, discontinuity and heterogeneity Russia


In this part, I am going to introduce theories of language and epistemology (the study of the nature of knowledge), and I am going to try really hard not to be too pompous or obscure.

 Let me say at the outset that I am coming at this subject from a background in literary theory, not necessarily philosophy, but then I do not see a clear line between the two.

It is tempting to define postmodernism simply as a rejection of “truth.” Indeed, Marxist literary theorist Terry Eagleton defines postmodernism as

“the contemporary movement of thought which rejects totalities, universal values, grand historical narratives, solid foundations to human existence and the possibility of objective knowledge.”

As such, he continues, postmodernism

“is skeptical of truth, unity, and progress, opposes what it sees as elitism in culture, tends toward cultural relativism, and celebrates pluralism, discontinuity, and heterogeneity... "

This shorthand definition is more or less apt,

but there are bigger issues afoot.

Let us start with what most human beings would consider “common sense”: I exist as a person, and I perceive the world around me (obviously I am skipping over a whole lot of philosophical thought, but this is an Internet post, after all).

Fredric Jameson describes this as a “realistic epistemology, which conceives of representation as the reproduction, for subjectivity, of an objectivity that lies without it.”

In other words, I am the subject, and what I perceive that is not “me” is objectively real.

We assume, then, that we can know the truth about what we perceive.

An extension of this idea is that our perception of things wade communicated to others. Jameson explains that the “realistic” approach “projects a mirror theory of knowledge and art, whose fundamental evaluative categories are those of adequacy, accuracy, and Truth itself.”

Thus, we judge language and art based on their ability to represent reality accurately or even adequately, or “Truth itself.”

Scripture, for example, is language that is true in that, for believers, it represents the realities of the divine.

For scriptural inerrantists, the language itself, being “God-breathed” (I love that term), is a perfect transmission of what God means to say.

In the same way, when humans communicate with each other, we think we can express objective reality (and even our subjective thoughts) adequately to each other. Thus, language is inextricably bound with how we perceive what is “real.” (I have just made a huge leap, but bear with me.)

Very basically, we can consider language to be a system by which humans interpret what we perceive (that is, “things” only mean something when they structured or transformed by language).

For example, a dream is, properly speaking, a series of thoughts, images, or feelings that we experience when we are asleep. But dreams “mean” something only in context. For example, if I dream about a dog, it means something different than the same dream would mean to someone who recently mauled by a pit bull.

In this same way, reality means something only in context, and that context is inescapably bound in with language and culture.

As one scholar writes:

1) Nature and culture are not separate, but are the same thing, or to say it differently, inextricably, constitutively linked.

a) the contents of our mind (culture), the very way we think and what we think about, come from our brain’s interaction with the umbworld (nature). [He defines the “umbworld,” or nature, as the “human environment,” which is not only physical, but social.]

b) the contents of our mind (our culture) recursively act upon the umbworld constantly transforming it (i.e., nature), which in turn, transforms the contents of our mind (culture) which in turn transforms the umbworld (nature), and so…
Note that I am not distinguishing culture from language, but instead I am suggesting that, taking Todd’s definition, the contents of our mind (speaking collectively as well as individually) are bound up, structured, and constantly transformed by language.

So, taking another huge leap (I can do that, because this is my essay), we can say that language, culture, and nature are all “the same thing.”

As Todd put it, language and culture inform how we think and feel (how we experience nature), and nature (the physical and social construct) recursively transforms language and culture. There is no distinct line between nature and culture (the contents of the mind are not separate from what is “out there”).

In a sense, language is what is “real” (that was a massive leap) because that is all we have. But how does language work? Here we turn to Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who suggested the notion of the Sign as being “the basic unit of language.”

This Sign made up of two components: the signifier and the signified. I am going to cheat a little and use dictionary definition (no, this is not a sacrament meeting talk), but I want to be as precise as possible.

Merriam-Webster defines the signifier as “a symbol, sound, or image (as a word) that represents an underlying concept or meaning.” The signified, therefore, is “a concept or meaning as distinguished from the sign through which it is communicated.”

Take, for example, the word “cure Lom.” The signifier could be either a written word, a spoken word, a picture, or a symbol representing the idea of a cure Lom. The signified is the concept or meaning of “cure Lom” (or any of the symbols or sounds meant to represent it).

The signified is conceptual, not real (not that anyone thinks coeloms are real in any sense). As Saussure put it, “A sign is not a link between a thing and a name, but between a concept and a sound pattern” (note that Saussure originally defined the Sign in terms of oral speech, though it has since come to mean language of any kind).

For Saussure, language consisted of the system by which Signs used together to create meaning. He conceived of language as being the intersection of two axes: the axis of Selection (metaphor) and the axis of combination (metonymy); see this drawing for a visual representation of these two axes. This is not as difficult as it sounds.

Simply put, a word or Sign means something because it has chosen out of all the other possible words or Signs, and it has placed in a particular place between other words or Signs. For example, let us use a sentence from Karl Pilkington: “You never see an old man eating a Twix.”

We understand what the word “man” means because it has been chosen from the infinite number of other possible words it could have been (dog, stocking, Kazakhstan, and so on) and because it has been placed in a particular place in the sentence as opposed to all the other possible places it could have been (and indeed all the other sentences it could have been in).

For Saussure, then, meaning resides where the abstract rules of language (langue) applied to a specific choice (selection and combination) of speech (parole).

Although Saussure was a linguist concerned with how language works, his work did much to shift the study of language and culture away from the “common sense” notions I mentioned earlier of language and perception as representing something real.

In a wide variety of fields,

from anthropology to psychology and literary theory,

the focus turned to the systems of Signs that constituted the world.


What is real became in senses not something

that you could know but rather that you made.

As Hungarian literary theorist Gyrgy Lukcs put it,

“Only when the core of existence stands revealed as a social process can existence be seen as the product, albeit the hitherto unconscious product, of human activity.”


2024 Автор Юри Рюнтю о Русской Речи: / http://stihi.ru/diary/yuri2005/2023-12-07 / 2023


Русская напевность и растяжка длиннот в звуке,
Русская неторопливая вязь слов,
Русское ощущение природы и человека,
Русская внутренняя скромность,
Русская духовность за 1025 лет,
Русское православие за 1025 лет,
Русская обрядность… 1025 лет.
Как много чистого и красивого - в этих смысловых звукосочетаниях...


2024 автор / http://stihi.ru/avtor/yuri2005 / Рюнтю Юри 19 Лeт 2005-2024 на Стихи.Pу / http://stihi.ru/2023/11/02/3340 / Runtu is a technical writer and editor living in Salt Lake City. A collection of articles published by Runtu /


2024 автор / http://proza.ru/2006/04/14-339 / Рюнтю Юри 18 Лeт 2006-2024 на Проза. Pу / http://proza.ru/2023/11/02/800 / 2024


Этo учит : обуздывать ярость, если она вспыхивает / http://stihi.ru/diary/yuri2005/2023-12-07 /
Этo учит : распознавать гнев до его превращения в насилие.


2005 - 2024 / http://stihi.ru/diary/yuri2005/2023-11-01 / Стихи.ру - это Грандиозное и Единственное на планете Земля - Явление в Мировой Культурологии из России - / http://stihi.ru/avtor/yuri2005 / Media TV Radio : 2024



2022 : Все 1 - 10 Пьес : для сборника - " Театральная Драматургия : Русско-язычная Культура Дальнего Зарубежья России : Австралия XX - XXI век" / http://stihi.ru/2022/02/24/3362 / 2022


10 Драма : 575-620 : Пророк Mухаммед и Жена Xадиджа / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/13/9014 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


Драма о Пророке Mухаммеде и Красавице и Умнице жене Xадидже :


Биография основателя ислама, Великого пророка Мухаммеда:


родился 22 апреля 571, в городе - Мекке


скончался 8 июня 632, в городе - Медине


В Медине - его гробница — место поклонения десятков миллионов пилигримов Ислама.

2022 : Театральная Пьеса : Драма - Пророк Mухаммед и Xадиджа - как - Эталоны Человеческой Морали и Семьи, и как - Выдающиеся Личности и Высокая Интеллектуальная и Духовная Элита Человечества : Историческая Драма на Исламскую тему и Мировая Культура : Россия - Европа - Азия и Арабский Мир : 575-620 г.г./ http://stihi.ru/2022/03/13/9014 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia : 2022


Мухаммед и Иисус Христос для нас символы духовности и эталоны чести, морали и общечеловеческого достоинства в отношениях между людьми на земле.


Их человеческие качества, особая чувствительность и восточный колорит душевности, помогли мне подняться до темы, которую я решил раскрыть для собратьев христиан.


Теплота друзей из мусульман вокруг меня - открыла путь, о котором я не догадывался. Я взглянул на Коран - их глазами. Коран распахнул мое европейское сердце. И тут я понял, что суть Святой Книги - КОРАНА - родилась из мусульманской семьи. Здесь - семейные разговоры в семье Mухаммеда и Xадиджи - и осмысление : Сути и Предназначенности Человеческой Жизни и Космического Мироздания с присутствием БОГА. Живым Источником всего на Свете - были отношения между : Мужем и Женой, чем и была : их святая и трепетная любовь : Любовь Пророка Mухаммеда и Xадиджи... Все ЭТО - выражено мной с Трепетом и Уважением в текстах пьесы " Пророк Mухаммед и Xадиджа : 575-620 годы " к их Грандиозным Судьбам. Моя любовь к НИМ - искренна и смиренна.



2022 : ЮРИ МЭТТЬЮ РЮНТЮ - Авторское Произведение Сценической Драматургии для Театра и Кино: Представлена Историческая драма на Мусульманскую тему о Великой Личности - Пророка Mухаммеда и о Членах Его Мусульманской Семьи: 575-620 г.г./ http://stihi.ru/diary/yuri2005/2022-03-14 / 2022



9 Драма : 1879-1997 : Братья Карамазовы : Приемыши / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/13/4642 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


8 Драма : 1997-2030 : Дети и Внуки Братьев Карамазовых / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/13/4642 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


7 Драма : 1936-1940 : Смерть Собора Святого Духа / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/12/7912 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


6 Драма : 1930-1964 : Русский Сальери Борис Пастернак и Марина Цветаева / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/12/1541 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


5 Драма : 1922-1930 : Лубянка Владимира Маяковского и Лилии Брик / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/11/7832 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


4 Драма : 1919-1925 : Ад Есенина Cернея и Айседоры Дункан / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/10/5517 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


3 Драма : 1917 - 1921 : Тайна Александра Блока : Первая Мировая Война : WWI / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/10/4930 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


2 Драма : 1915-1945 : ЖИЗНЬ МАТВЕЯ : Вторая Мировая Война : WWII и Первая Мировая Война : WWI / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/10/417 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022


1 Драма : 1914 - 1918 : Жена и Мать : Царь Николай II : Первая Мировая Война : WWI / http://stihi.ru/2022/03/10/703 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / 2022



BOOK DVD-1 + РОССИЙСКАЯ БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ: США, ЕВРОПА И РОССИЯ XX ВЕК И АВСТРАЛИЯ XXI ВЕКА