Порт Артур

Pоrt Arthur
https://proza.ru/2022/09/10/58
http://stihi.ru/2022/09/10/346

Порт Артур
https://proza.ru/2022/09/10/59
http://stihi.ru/2022/09/10/350

PORT ARTHUR

ПОРТ  АРТУР

Король Артур
Принц Артур
Де Артур
Артур
Арчи

KIng Arthur
Prince Arthur
The Arthur
Archie

PORT ARTUR
ПОРТ АРТУР
Люйшунькоу
Люйшунь
Рёдзюн
Port Arthur
Port Artur
Lushun
Ryojun

Осада Порт-Артура. Русско-Японская война.
Siege of Port Arthur .  Russian - Japan War


--- xxx ---

PORT ARTHUR
ПОРТ  АРТУР
Люйшунь
Люйшунькоу
Рёдзюн

Lushunkou District
Lyushunkou District
Lushunkou
Lushunkou Qu  is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China.
Lushun City  (Lushun Sh;) 
Lushun Port  (Lushun Gang)
Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur)
Ryojun (Japanese)

--- xxx ---

Осада Порт-Артура. Русско-Японская война.
Siege of Port Arthur .  Russian - Japan War

--- xxx ---

Почему россияне  сражались за свой город с именем
английского короля Артура? Основателя Королевства Англия?

В честь кого был назван город Порт Артур?
в названии города как Артур?

Почему христиане англичане
выступили против христиан россиян
и поддержали захват города Порт Артур
Японией и Китаем?

Эти тайны нам неизвестны до сих пор.
И я сомневаюсь, тут легко что-то узнать,
а, потому и не претендую на истину в последней инстанции,
как тема больная, много мужчин были убиты в сражениях.

Я публикую часть справочного материала, С Википедии,
в Интернете можно найти больше информации и фоток.

--- xxx ---

Why did the Russians fight for their city with the name
of the English King Arthur? The founder of the Kingdom of England?

After whom was the city of Port Arthur named?
in the name of the city as Arthur?

Why did the British Christians
oppose the Russian
Christians and support the capture of the city of Port Arthur
Japan and China?

These secrets are still unknown to us.
And I doubt it's easy to find out something here,
and that's why I don't pretend to be the ultimate truth,
as the topic is sick, many men were killed in battles.

I publish part of the reference material from Wikipedia,
you can find more information and photos on the Internet.

--- xxx ---

PORT ARTHUR
ПОРТ  АРТУР
Люйшунькоу
Люйшунь
Рёдзюн
Lushunkou District
Lyushunkou District
Lushunkou                (Люйшунькоу)
Lushun City  (Lushun Sh;) 
Lushun Port  (Lushun Gang)
Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur)
Ryojun (Japanese)
Lushunkou Qu  is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China.

--- xxx ---

The district's area is 512.15 square kilometres (197.74 sq mi) .
Population as of 2010 is 324,773.

Lushunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula.
It has an excellent natural harbor,
the possession and control of which became a casus belli of
the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05).

Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905
when control was ceded to Japan.

During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lushunkou District
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L;shunkou_District

Люйшунькоу
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Люйшунькоу

--------------------------------------------
Siege of Port Arthur

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur           (Modern Lushunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
----------------------------------------------



PORT ARTHUR

Siege of Port Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur

William Arthur  (Roayl Navy)     (4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)

 "Biography of William Arthur R.N."
https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1200

 "The Name Port Arthur, History and Origin of How It Was Applied".
Los Angeles Herald,
Volume XXXI, Number 300, 25 July 1904
(accessed at UCR Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research).
Retrieved 11 December 2020.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Port Arthur

Siege of Port Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur

Siege of Port Arthur

--------------------------------------------
Siege of Port Arthur

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur           (Modern Lushunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
----------------------------------------------



Port Arthur
Russian:   
Порт Артур
Port Arthur
Lushunkou                (two dots   ..  under first  u from left to right)
Liushuncow
Loishuncow
Louishooncow
Lushunkau
Liadomy
Ryojun Kosen

Siege of Port Arthur
Siege of Port Arthur
Part of the Russo-Japanese War
RusShellJapLine1905.jpg
Russian 500-pound shell bursting near the Japanese siege guns, near Port Arthur
Date
--------------------------------------------
Siege of Port Arthur

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur           (Modern Lushunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
----------------------------------------------
 
Belligerents
 Empire of Japan Russian Empire

Commanders and leaders

Commanders and leaders
Empire of Japan

 Nogi Maresuke
 Kodama Gentaro
 Nakamura Satoru
Togo Heihachiro

Nogi Maresuke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogi_Maresuke
Kodama Gentaro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_Gentar;
Nakamura Satoru (general)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Satoru_(general)
Togo Heihachiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T;g;_Heihachir;

--------------------------------------
More in personal details:

Nogi Maresuke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogi_Maresuke

Nogi Maresuke
Count Nogi Maresuke
childhood name:  Nakito  ("no one")
nicknames:     Kiten, Count Nogi,
the third son of samurai cavalry officer (umamawari)
Nogi Maretsugu and his wife Hisako.
a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army
a governor-general of Taiwan.
one of the commanders during the 1894 capture of Port Arthur from China.
a prominent figure in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905,
commander of the forces which captured Port Arthur from the Russians.
Nogi Maresuke
Count Nogi Maresuke
Born December 25, 1849        Edo, Japan
Died September 13, 1912  (aged 62)    Tokyo, Japan
Awards
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Kite
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (UK)              (v)
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (UK)       (v)
Nickname(s)     Kiten,  Count Nogi
After the fall of Port Arthur, Nogi was regarded as a national hero.
Sons
Katsunori (August 28, 1879 – May 27, 1904)
Yasunori (December 16, 1881 – November 30, 1904), a second lieutenant at Port Arthur.
Both of Nogi's sons, who were army lieutenants during the war, were killed in action.
Photo:  "Nogi standing in the center facing a captured Russian gun crew outside Port Arthur on January 2, 1905"
Photo:  "Nogi is seated in the center next to Russian general Anatoly Stessel after Russian forces surrendered at Port Arthur on January 2, 1905."
After the fall of Port Arthur, Nogi was regarded as a national hero.
After the war, he was elevated to danshaku (baron); and he was conferred with the Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class.
Nogi was appointed as the third Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan from October 14, 1896 to February 1898. When moving to Taiwan, he moved his entire family, and during their time in Taiwan, his mother contracted malaria and died. This led Nogi to take measures to improve on the health care infrastructure of the island.


Nogi Maresuke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogi_Maresuke

 Kodama Gentaro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_Gentar;

Kodama Gentaro
General Viscount Kodama Gentaro
the first son of the samurai Kodama Hankuro.
Born 16 March 1852                Tokuyama, Suo Province, Japan
Died 23 July 1906      (aged 54)     Tokyo, Japan

Kodama
was raised in rapid succession to the ranks of
danshaku (baron)       and
shishaku (viscount)
under the kazoku peerage system,
and his death in 1906 of a cerebral hemorrhage
was regarded as a national calamity.

Following a petition by Kodama's son, Hideo,
the Meiji Emperor
elevated Hideo to the title of hakushaku (count).
Kodama later received the ultimate honor of being raised to the ranks of Shinto kami.
Shrines to his honor still exist at his hometown in Shunan, Yamaguchi Prefecture,
and on the site of his summer home on Enoshima, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture.

Kodama Gentaro
General Viscount Kodama Gentaro
the first son of the samurai Kodama Hankuro.
Born 16 March 1852                Tokuyama, Suo Province, Japan
Died 23 July 1906      (aged 54)     Tokyo, Japan

Photo:  A bronze monument statue of Kodama Gentaro

Honours
With information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

Kodama Gentaro
General Viscount Kodama Gentaro

Peerages
Baron (20 August 1895)
Viscount (11 April 1906)

Order of precedence
Senior seventh rank (March 1874)
Senior sixth rank (28 May 1880)
Fifth rank (18 April 1883)
Fourth rank (27 September 1889)
Senior fourth rank (26 October 1894)
Third rank (8 March 1898)
Senior third rank (20 April 1901)
Second rank (23 April 1906)
Senior second rank (23 July 1906; posthumous)

Decorations

Japanese
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (27 December 1899; Second Class: 26 December 1894)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (27 February 1902; 2nd Class: 20 August 1895; 3rd Class: 7 April 1885; 4th Class: 31 January 1878)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1 April 1906)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Kite (1 April 1906; 3rd Class: 20 August 1895)

Foreign
Russian Empire: 1st Class of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (12 September 1892)
France: Commander of the Legion d'Honneur (14 October 1895)
German Empire: 
Knight 1st Class of the Order of the Red Eagle in Brilliants with swords (13 July 1906)
Kingdom of Bavaria: 1st Class of the Military Merit Order (12 September 1892)

On film
The actor Tetsuro Tamba
portrayed Gentaro
in the 1980 Japanese war drama film
'The Battle of Port Arthur' (1980), film, Japan,
 (sometimes referred as '203 Kochi').
Directed by Toshio Masuda
the film depicted
'the Siege of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War'
and starred
Tamba as General Gentaro,
Tatsuya Nakadai as General Nogi Maresuke and
Toshiro Mifune as Emperor Meiji.


Kodama Gentaro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_Gentar;

Nakamura Satoru (general)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Satoru_(general)

Nakamura Satoru (general)
Baron Nakamura Satoru
(18 March 1854 – 29 January 1925 (70 yo))
the second son of a samurai of Hikone Domain (present-day Shiga Prefecture),
General of Imperial Japanese Army in Empire of Japan,
a career soldier in the early Imperial Japanese Army,
serving during the Russo-Japanese War,
and was an aide-de-camp to Emperor Taish;.
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Service/branch Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service 1871–1919
Rank General
Battles/wars Russo-Japanese War
Awards Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class
* On his death, he was posthumously awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays.

In March 1902, Nakamura was assigned command of the IJA 2nd Brigade,
which deployed to Manchuria
in March 1904 as part of the Japanese Third Army
at the start of the Russo-Japanese War.

The unit served with distinction during the Battle of Nanshan.

During the Siege of Port Arthur
Nakamura led a forlorn hope force named the Shirotasuke-tai, after their distinctive white chest bands, three times against the Russian fortifications, taking great casualties.

Nakamura was himself wounded during the assault on the night of 26 November 1904,
during which most of his 4,500 man unit
was annihilated with no significant result.

Nakamura Satoru (general)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Satoru_(general)

Togo Heihachiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T;g;_Heihachir;

Togo Heihachiro
Togo Nakagoro (birth name)
Togo Heihachiro
Marshal-Admiral the Marquis Togo Heihachiro
(27 January 1848 – 30 May 1934 (aged 86))
Marshal-Admiral the Marquis Togo Heihachiro
Togo Heihachiro
Togo Nakagoro (birth name)
born to a noble family in feudal Japan,
the third of four sons of
Father:
Togo Kichizaemon,
a samurai serving the Shimazu daimyo
as comptroller of the revenue, master of the wardrobe, and district governor,
and
Mother:
Hori Masuko (1812–1901),
a noblewoman from the same clan as her husband.
Nickname(s) "The Nelson of the East",   Heihachiro  ("peaceful son")
Commands held Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet
Battles/wars Anglo-Satsuma War
Boshin War
First Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Awards
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
Order of the Golden Kite (First Class)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
The Order of Merit    (Established in 1902 by King Edward VII)  (v)               
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order   (v)
Other work Tutor to Crown Prince Hirohito

in the autumn 1869, Togo, on the instructions of the Satsuma clan, first travelled to the treaty port of Yokohama to study English.
He resided in Yokohama with Daisuke Shibata, a government official reputedly proficient in English and received additional pronunciation coaching from Charles Wagman, Japan correspondent of The Illustrated London News. Togo made rapid progress in his studies and in 1870 secured a place at the newly established Imperial Japanese Navy Training School at Tsukiji, Tokyo.

In February 1871, Togo and eleven other Japanese officer cadets were selected to travel to Britain to further their naval studies< - Togo lived and studied in Britain for a period of seven years.
Arriving at the port of Southampton in April 1871 after a journey of 80 days, Togo first traveled to London, at that time the most populous city in the world.

Togo was initially sent for some weeks to a boarding house in the major naval port of Plymouth, to gain some understanding of the British Royal Navy. Subsequently, he studied history, mathematics and engineering at a naval preparatory school in Portsmouth under the direction of a tutor and local clergyman in order to prepare for admission to Royal Naval College at Dartmouth.

After the British Admiralty decided in 1872 that no places were to be made available at Dartmouth
for the Japanese cadets, Togo was able to gain admission as a cadet on HMS Worcester,
the training ship of the Thames Nautical Training College
moored at Greenhithe.  Togo''s comrades called him "Johnny Chinaman".

Gunnery training for the college was held aboard HMS Victory,
at the time moored in Portsmouth harbour.
Togo is recorded to have attended Trafalgar Day
observances on the deck of the ship in 1873.
After two years of training, Togo was to graduate second in his class.

During 1875, Togo circumnavigated the world
as an ordinary seaman on the British training ship Hampshire,
leaving in February and staying seventy days at sea
without a port call until reaching Melbourne.

Rounding Cape Horn on his return voyage, Togo had sailed thirty thousand miles before returning to England in September 1875.

During the autumn and winter of 1875–1876, Togo spent five months in Cambridge
studying mathematics and English under the direction of the Rev. Arthur Douglas Capel.
The Rev. Capel was at the time of Togo's visit, both a mathematics tutor and curate
at the Anglican church of St. Mary the Less in Cambridge.
Togo is recorded to have attended services at the same church during his stay.

Togo travelled to Portsmouth to continue his training before being assigned the role of inspector for the construction of Fus;, one of three new warships ordered by the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Residing in proximity to the Royal Naval College, Greenwich,
Togo made use of the opportunity to apply his training, observing the construction of the ship
at the Samuda Brothers shipyard on the Isle of Dogs.

Togo was absent from Japan when the Satsuma Rebellion took place in 1877. His three brothers all fought in the rebellion: two were killed in battle, and the third died shortly after the rebellion's end.

Togo newly promoted to lieutenant, finally returned to Japan on 22 May 1878
aboard one of the newly purchased British-built ships, Hiei.

That same year, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant of the Japanese built paddle-steamer warship Jingei, later to be transferred to the corvette Amagi.

In 1882, Togo led his ship's company in landing troops at Seoul in the wake of the Imo Incident.
In 1883, Togo was given command of his first ship,
and interacted with the British, American, and German fleets during this time.

Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
Togo was promoted to rear admiral at the end of the war, in 1895.

With the advent of the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1899,
Togo was appointed Admiral of the Fleet
and recalled to active sea duty on 20 May 1900.
During the rebellion, he was responsible for patrolling the Chinese coast.
As the Boxer Rebellion was crushed in 1902, Togo was relieved of his command, and was decorated for his service to the Emperor. He was subsequently posted to supervise the construction of and become the first commander of the naval base at Maizuru.

Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)
Main article: Battle of Tsushima

Photo of Admiral Togo, c. 1905, over a photograph of his flagship, Mikasa, leading the Japanese Navy battle line into action against the Russian Navy.

Togo Heihachiro
stands at Port Arthur among the wreckage of the Pacific Fleet, wielding his club;
off in the distance, the Baltic Fleet approaches.

In 1903, the Navy Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyoe appointed Togo
Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

This astonished many people, including Emperor Meiji,
who asked Yamamoto
why Togo
was appointed.

Yamamoto replied to the emperor,

"Because Togo is a man of good fortune".

During the Russo-Japanese War,
Togo engaged the Russian navy at Port Arthur
and the Yellow Sea in 1904,
and to widespread international acclaim commanded
the Japanese naval forces
at the destruction of the Imperial Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet
at the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905.

The Japanese fleet at Tsushima
lost
only three  (3) torpedo boats
under Togo's command,

of the 36 Russian warships that went into action,
22 were sunk      (including seven (7) battleships),
six (6) were captured,
six (6) were interned in neutral ports
and only three (3)
escaped to the safety of Vladivostok.

The Russian commander of the destroyed Baltic fleet,
Admiral Zinovy Rozhdestvenski
(Russian: Адмирал Зиновий Петрович Рожественский)
(11 November 1848  -   January 14, 1909 (aged 60)(a heart attack))
 (who was badly wounded in the battle)
attempted to take full responsibility for the disaster,
and the authorities (and rulers of Russia) acquitted him at his trial.
The Tsar's court was fully aware that Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov had surrendered the Russian fleet, as Rozhestvensky had been wounded and unconscious for most of the battle.

Zinovy Rozhdestvenski  (Admiral)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinovy_Rozhestvensky


However,
The Russian authorities
made Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov,
who had tried to blame the Russian government, a scapegoat.

Nebogatov was found guilty
and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment in a fortress,

but was released by the tsar after serving only two years.


Nebogatov accepted Admiral Togo Heihachiro's terms, signing an instrument of surrender aboard Togo's flagship, the battleship Mikasa, and turning over control of the remaining battleships Emperor Nikolai I, Oryol, General Admiral Graf Apraxin, and Admiral Senyavin to the Japanese.[1] However, Captain Vasili Fersen of the cruiser Izumrud disobeyed orders and escaped through the Japanese lines. The captain of the battleship Admiral Ushakov, having become lost during the night, was unaware of the orders to surrender, and was sunk the next morning, out-gunned and outnumbered, by the Japanese fleet.

Nebogatov was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese, and while a prisoner was dishonorably discharged by the Russian Admiralty and stripped of his titles of nobility. On his return to Russia, he and 77 of his subordinate officers were arrested and taken before a court martial in December 1906. Nebogatov's defense that his defective ships, guns and ammunition would have made resulted in the meaningless slaughter of his men was rejected, and Nebogatov and three of his captains were sentenced to death by firing squad on December 25, 1906. However, the sentences were commuted to 10 years in prison by order of Tsar Nicholas. He was released from the prison fortress of Sts. Peter and Paul in May 1909, when he was pardoned on the occasion of the tsar's birthday.

However,
The Russian authorities
made Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov,
who had tried to blame the Russian government, a scapegoat.

Nebogatov was found guilty
and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment in a fortress,

but was released by the tsar after serving only two years.

Nebogatov subsequently moved to Moscow,
where he died in 1922.
He was married to Nadezhda Petrova,
with whom he had two daughters and one son.

Nikolai Nebogatov  (Admiral)
Николай Иванович Небогатов
Rear admiral
Admiral
Born April 20, 1849
Died August 4, 1922            (aged 73)
Spouse:  Nadezhda Petrova
Children:
two daughters
one son

Небогатов, Николай Иванович
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Небогатов,_Николай_Иванович

Nikolai Nebogatov  (Admiral)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Nebogatov

Togo Heihachiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T;g;_Heihachir;


Nogi Maresuke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogi_Maresuke
Kodama Gentaro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_Gentar;
Nakamura Satoru (general)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamura_Satoru_(general)
Togo Heihachiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T;g;_Heihachir;

--------------------------------------
--------------------------------------

Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire

Anatoly Stessel                Surrendered
Roman Kondratenko               + (KIA Killed In Action)
Alexander Fok                Surrendered
Konstantin Smirnov            Surrendered
Robert Viren                Surrendered


Strength

Strength
Empire of Japan

150,000 troops
51,000 reserves
474 artillery pieces


Strength
Russian Empire

50,000 troops
44,000 volunteers
12,000 sailors
7,000 recruits
506 artillery pieces


Casualties and losses

Casualties and losses
Empire of Japan

57,780 army casualties,
plus 33,769 sick.
16 warships lost
including
2 battleships and
4 cruisers.
Result Japanese victory


Casualties and losses
Russian Empire

31,306 army casualties during the siege,
24,369 soldiers surrendered at the end of the siege.
Entire fleet lost.
Result Russian Empire  lost a victory
Result Japanese victory


--------------------------------------------
Siege of Port Arthur

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur           (Modern Lushunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
----------------------------------------------


Russo-Japanese War
Naval battles
1st Port ArthurChemulpo BayHitachi Maru convoyYellow SeaUlsanKorsakovTsushima
Land battles
Yalu RiverNanshanTe-li-SsuMotien PassTashihchiao2nd Port ArthurHsimuchengLiaoyangShahoSandepuMukdenSakhalin

--------------------------------------------
Siege of Port Arthur

August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur           (Modern Lushunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
----------------------------------------------

Siege of Port Arthur
The siege of Port Arthur
Japanese:  Ryojun Koisen;
Russian: Оборона Порт-Артура, Oborona Port-Artura,
(August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905)
was the longest and most violent land battle
of the Russo-Japanese War.

Port Arthur, the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, had been widely regarded as one of the most strongly fortified positions in the world. However, during the First Sino-Japanese War, General Nogi Maresuke had taken the city from the forces of Qing China in only a few days. The ease of his victory during the previous conflict, and overconfidence by the Japanese General Staff in its ability to overcome improved Russian fortifications, led to a much longer campaign and far greater losses than expected.

The siege of Port Arthur saw the introduction of much technology used in subsequent wars of the 20th century (particularly in World War I) including massive 28 cm howitzers capable of hurling 217-kilogram (478-pound) shells over 8 kilometers (5.0 miles), as well as rapid-firing light howitzers, Maxim machine guns, bolt-action magazine rifles, barbed wire entanglements, electric fences, arc lamp, searchlights, tactical radio signalling (and, in response, the first military use of radio jamming), hand grenades, extensive trench warfare, and the use of modified naval mines as land weapons.


Siege of Port Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
William Arthur   CB RN
(4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
was a Royal Navy officer
after whom Port Arthur in China was named.

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN

CB  =  Order of the Bath,  The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
is a British order of chivalry   founded by George I   on 18 May 1725
The Order consists of the Sovereign (currently King Charles III), the Great Master (currently Prince Charles)
and three Classes of members:
Knight Grand Cross (GCB) or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight Commander (KCB) or Dame Commander (DCB)
Companion (CB)
Members belong to either the Civil or the Military Division.
Prior to 1815, the order had only a single class—Knight Companion (KB)—which no longer exists.
Recipients of the Order are now usually senior military officers or senior civil servants.

Great Master

Prince Albert, the Prince Consort, Great Master 1843–1861.
During the 19th century, Knights Grand Cross wore their mantles over imitations of 17th-century dress. They now wear them over contemporary attire.
The next-most senior member of the Order is the Great Master, of which there have been nine:
1725–1749: John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
1749–1767: (Vacant)
1767–1827: Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1827–1830: Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (later King William IV)
1830–1837: (Vacant)
1837–1843: Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
1843–1861: Albert, Prince Consort
1861–1897: (Vacant)
1897–1901: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII)
1901–1942: Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
1942–1974: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
1974–2022: Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III)
Originally a Prince of the Blood Royal, as the Principal Knight Companion, ranked next after the sovereign.

Members
Sash and star of Grand Cross, civil division
The statutes also provide for the following:
120 Knights or Dames Grand Cross (GCB) (of whom the Great Master is the First and Principal)
355 Knights Commander (KCB) or Dames Commander (DCB)
1,925 Companions (CB)

In 1923 the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross, by King George V. Mussolini was stripped of his GCB in 1940, after he had declared war on the UK.

Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross

(some)
Head of state Lithuania   Valdas Adamkus GCB 2006 9th President of Lithuania
Head of state Latvia        Vaira Vike-Freiberga GCB 2006 6th President of Latvia
Head of state Estonia     Toomas Hendrik Ilves GCB 2006 4th President of Estonia


Order of the Bath
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath

Companions of the Order of the Bath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Companions of the Order of the Bath.
Recipients of this honour may use the postfix initials CB.

CB

Admiral Sir Arthur John Davies, KBE, CB
(26 September 1877 – 13 December 1954)
was a Royal Navy officer who served in both world wars.
Despite his age, Davies volunteered for service during the Second World War and served as a convoy commodore in the Royal Naval Reserve from 1940 to 1944, for which he was mentioned in despatches and knighted KBE in 1943.

Admiral Sir Arthur John Davies, KBE, CB
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_John_Davies

CB

Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Arthur of Connaught KG KT GCMG GCVO CB PC
(Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert;
13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938)
was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria.
He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa
from 20 November 1920 to 21 January 1924.
Arthur was the first British royal prince to be educated at Eton College,
but left there early to join the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
at the age of sixteen years and two months.

Prince Arthur of Connaught
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prince Arthur
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Arthur in the robes of the Order of the Garter
3rd Governor-General of South Africa
In office 20 November 1920 – 21 January 1924
Predecessor The Viscount Buxton
Successor The Earl of Athlone
Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts
Born 13 January 1883
Windsor Castle, Berkshire
Died 12 September 1938 (aged 55)
Belgravia, London, England
Burial 22 September 1938
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
28 February 1939
Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
Spouse Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
;;(m. 1913);
Issue Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Names
Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert Windsor
House Windsor (from 1917)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(until 1917)
Father
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
(Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942), Arthur was born at Buckingham Palace,
 the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Goth,
served as  10th Governor General of Canada / In office 13 October 1911 – 11 November 1916
Mother
Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service 1901–1922
Rank Colonel
Unit Royal Scots Greys
Prince Arthur of Connaught KG KT GCMG GCVO CB PC (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert; 13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938) was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria. He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 to 21 January 1924.

Prince Arthur of Connaught
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught

CB  Companions of the Order of the Bath


No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"


Henry Richard Abadie
Frederick Abbott (Indian Army officer)
Conolly Abel Smith
James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn
Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)
William Scarlett, 3rd Baron Abinger
Edgar Abraham
Matt Abraham
Cecil Ryther Acklom
Allan Adair
Frank Forbes Adam
Cyril Adams
John Adams (Royal Navy officer)
Michael Adams (RAF officer)
Percy Addison
Edward Addison
Charles Adeane
Godfrey Agnew
William Agnew (Royal Navy officer)
Ralph Ainsworth
Terence Airey
Bernard Rackham
Charles Aitken
George Atherton Aitken
Gill Aitken
Robert Hope Moncrieff Aitken
Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle
David Alexander-Sinclair
David Alexander (Royal Marines officer)
Ernest Alexander
James Edward Alexander
Thomas Alexander (military surgeon)
William Alexander (Glasgow MP)
Derek Allen
Fergus Allen
Norman Percy Allen
Robert Allen (footballer)
Robert Calder Allen
Wentworth Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Allendale
Charles Walter Allfrey
Molly Allott
Beilby Alston
Geoffrey Ambler
Alexander Anderson (Royal Marines officer)
Alexander Vass Anderson
Desmond Anderson
John Anderson (civil servant)
Joseph Anderson (British Army officer)
Mark Anderson (Royal Navy officer)
Herbert Andrew
William Andrewes
Anselan John Buchanan Stirling
Tonman Mosley, 1st Baron Anslow
George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)
Dick Applegate
Frederick Ernest Appleyard
William Arbuthnot Lane, 1st Baronet
Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott
Hugh Archdale
John Charles Ardagh
Robert Arkwright
Ernest Macalpine Armstrong
John Armstrong (bishop of Bermuda)
William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong
William Arrindell
Arthur John Davies
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Thomas Ashburnham
Henry Cubitt, 2nd Baron Ashcombe
Charles Ashe ; Court-Repington
Edward Ashmore (British Army officer)
Leslie Ashmore
Nicholas Ashmore
Leonard Ashton
Henry Askew
Simon Asquith
Edward Astley-Rushton
David Atcherley
Richard Atcherley
Stuart Atha
John Stewart-Murray, 8th Duke of Atholl
Susan Atkins (civil servant)
Henry Aubrey-Fletcher
Robert Auld (British Army officer)
Roy Austen-Smith
Charles Austen
Herbert Henry Austin
Jack d'Avigdor-Goldsmid
Jan Aylen
Reginald Ayres
B
Alexander Backus
Greg Bagwell
Sidney Bailey
William Frederick Bailey
Harold Tom Baillie-Grohman
William A. Baillie-Hamilton
Joseph Baillon
Frederick Ebenezer Baines


----  xxxxxxx ----- xxxxx ------

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)



William Arthur               
entered the navy
at age fifteen in July 1845.
Lt. Arthur since 8 March 1854
Commander  Lt. Arthur of  the gunboat HMS Manly since 1856
Commander  Lt. Arthur of the gunvessel HMS Algerine since 4 June 1858
Commander on 1 April 1861
Captain on 15 April 1867.
Captain of the Torpedo School, April 1876 – June 1879.
A naval attache in Washington, D.C., 1879 – 1882
Commander of HMS Hector
as Queen Victoria's guard ship
when the Queen was in residence at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
Rear Admiral on 30 March 1885.
Retaired in a rank of Rear Admiral.
Death: Bakeham Grange, Egham, on 15 November 1886, aged 56.
Buried at St Mary's Church, Atherington, Devon with his family;
his father had been rector there.
His widow,
Mary Jane Arthur   (nee le Mesurier)
erected a monument to her husband in St Ann's Church, HMNB Portsmouth.

On 4 June 1858
he was given command of the gunvessel HMS Algerine.
In August 1860,
during the Second Opium War,

Port Arthur
was named by Commander John Ward of HMS Actaeon,
after Lt. Arthur,
whose Algerine
was the first British ship
to enter the harbour at Lushun,
at that time an unfortified fishing village.

The British referred to
Lushun as Port Arthur
from this point on,

and the Russians
and other Western powers adopted the British name.

Port Arthur
was a fortified harbour city
which changed hands several times,
variously occupied
by Britain, Imperial Russia, Japan and the Soviet Union
before returning to Chinese ownership in 1950.


William Arthur  (Roayl Navy)   
 (4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))

References

 "The Name Port Arthur, History and Origin of How It Was Applied".
Los Angeles Herald,
Volume XXXI, Number 300, 25 July 1904
(accessed at UCR Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research).
Retrieved 11 December 2020.

"THE NAME PORT ARTHUR History and Origin of How It Was Applied

Out of the bristling array of Chings, Shans and Tungs which faces any observer of the map of Manchuria, the name of Port Arthur must always stare like a round-eyed, red-cheeked Englishman from a crowd of sallow, al-mond-eyed Chinese. Doubtless it has been a matter of wonder to many why this fortress at the foot of the Liao Tung peninsula, which has been the central figure in two wars, should bear
the name It does.

A curious person, who failed after diligent search, to find any explanation,
wrote to the Congressional library.
In reply he received
the following from A. P. C. Griffin, chief of the bureau

<Jf bibliography:

"The origin of the name of Port Arthur
is told in the following words by Wllliam Blakeney,
a member of an expedition which visited Port Arthur in 1860,
printed in the United Service Magazine, vol. 139, July, 1898:
"'We anchored for the night in Pigeon bay,
about five miles north of the promontory,
and having ascended next morning to the summit,
some 1500 feet above the sea,
we thence obtained our first view of
the now celebrated Port Arthur—
so named by Commander John Ward, of the Actaeon,
after Lieut. William Arthur,
whose ship, the Algerine, was the first to enter it.
The next page from my dairy records the circumstance,
and the photograph ot this officer',
at the beginning of my article, was taken some years after,
when he was captain
of the guardship of honor of her majesty off Cowes.' Chicago Chronicle." "

from

"The Name Port Arthur, History and Origin of How It Was Applied".
Los Angeles Herald,
Volume XXXI, Number 300, 25 July 1904


 "Biography of William Arthur R.N."
https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1200

William Arthur R.N. Explanation
 
Date (from) (Date to) Personal
4 July 1830 Born
1881 C.B. (Companion of the Bath)
15 November 1886 Died (Egham)
 
Date Rank
July 1845 Entered Navy
8 March 1854 Lieutenant
1 April 1861 Commander
15 April 1867 Captain
30 March 1885 Retired Rear-Admiral
 
Date from Date to Service

7 March 1856  - July 1856   Lieutenant and commander in Manly (until paying off at Sheerness)
7 August 1856  - [    ] Lieutenant in Cambridge, commanded by Charles Joseph Frederick Ewart, gunnery ship, Devonport
4 June 1858   - 24 November 1860   Lieutenant and commander in Algerine, China
14 May 1863  - 15 March 1864         Commander in Landrail (until paying off at Woolwich), West Iindies
22 March 1864 -  3 September 1866   Commander (2ic) in Excellent, commanded by Astley Cooper Key, gunnery ship, Portsmouth
3 September 1866  - [    ]        Commander (2ic) in Excellent, commanded by Arthur William Acland Hood, gunnery ship, Portsmouth
1 September 1871   -   18 May 1875   Captain in Iron Duke (until paying off at Plymouth), flagship of Vice-Admiral Charles Frederick Alexander Shadwell, Hong Kong
May 1876           - [    ]   Captain in Vernon, torpedo school, Portmouth
1882      - [    ]                Naval Attache in Washington
29 November 1882 Captain in Hector, Ship of First Reserve, Coast Guard, Southampton Water
30 March 1885     Retired Rear-Admiral

from

 "Biography of William Arthur R.N."
https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1200


William Arthur  (Roayl Navy)     (4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)


Continue

PORT  ARTHUR  name of town search


William Arthur (Royal Navy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
William Arthur   CB RN
(4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
was a Royal Navy officer
after whom Port Arthur in China was named.

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN

CB  =  Order of the Bath,  The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
is a British order of chivalry   founded by George I   on 18 May 1725
The Order consists of the Sovereign (currently King Charles III), the Great Master (currently Prince Charles)
and three Classes of members:
Knight Grand Cross (GCB) or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight Commander (KCB) or Dame Commander (DCB)
Companion (CB)
Members belong to either the Civil or the Military Division.
Prior to 1815, the order had only a single class—Knight Companion (KB)—which no longer exists.
Recipients of the Order are now usually senior military officers or senior civil servants.

Great Master

Prince Albert, the Prince Consort, Great Master 1843–1861.
During the 19th century, Knights Grand Cross wore their mantles over imitations of 17th-century dress. They now wear them over contemporary attire.
The next-most senior member of the Order is the Great Master, of which there have been nine:
1725–1749: John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
1749–1767: (Vacant)
1767–1827: Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1827–1830: Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (later King William IV)
1830–1837: (Vacant)
1837–1843: Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
1843–1861: Albert, Prince Consort
1861–1897: (Vacant)
1897–1901: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII)
1901–1942: Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
1942–1974: Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
1974–2022: Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III)
Originally a Prince of the Blood Royal, as the Principal Knight Companion, ranked next after the sovereign.

Members
Sash and star of Grand Cross, civil division
The statutes also provide for the following:
120 Knights or Dames Grand Cross (GCB) (of whom the Great Master is the First and Principal)
355 Knights Commander (KCB) or Dames Commander (DCB)
1,925 Companions (CB)

In 1923 the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross, by King George V. Mussolini was stripped of his GCB in 1940, after he had declared war on the UK.

Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross

(some)
Head of state Lithuania   Valdas Adamkus GCB 2006 9th President of Lithuania
Head of state Latvia        Vaira Vike-Freiberga GCB 2006 6th President of Latvia
Head of state Estonia     Toomas Hendrik Ilves GCB 2006 4th President of Estonia


Order of the Bath
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath

Companions of the Order of the Bath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Companions of the Order of the Bath.
Recipients of this honour may use the postfix initials CB.

CB

Admiral Sir Arthur John Davies, KBE, CB
(26 September 1877 – 13 December 1954)
was a Royal Navy officer who served in both world wars.
Despite his age, Davies volunteered for service during the Second World War and served as a convoy commodore in the Royal Naval Reserve from 1940 to 1944, for which he was mentioned in despatches and knighted KBE in 1943.

Admiral Sir Arthur John Davies, KBE, CB
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_John_Davies

CB

Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Arthur of Connaught KG KT GCMG GCVO CB PC
(Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert;
13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938)
was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria.
He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa
from 20 November 1920 to 21 January 1924.
Arthur was the first British royal prince to be educated at Eton College,
but left there early to join the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
at the age of sixteen years and two months.

Prince Arthur of Connaught
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prince Arthur
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Prince Arthur in the robes of the Order of the Garter
3rd Governor-General of South Africa
In office 20 November 1920 – 21 January 1924
Predecessor The Viscount Buxton
Successor The Earl of Athlone
Prime Minister Jan Christiaan Smuts
Born 13 January 1883
Windsor Castle, Berkshire
Died 12 September 1938 (aged 55)
Belgravia, London, England
Burial 22 September 1938
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
28 February 1939
Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
Spouse Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
;;(m. 1913);
Issue Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Names
Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert Windsor
House Windsor (from 1917)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(until 1917)
Father
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
(Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942), Arthur was born at Buckingham Palace,
 the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Goth,
served as  10th Governor General of Canada / In office 13 October 1911 – 11 November 1916
Mother
Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service 1901–1922
Rank Colonel
Unit Royal Scots Greys
Prince Arthur of Connaught KG KT GCMG GCVO CB PC (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert; 13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938) was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria. He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 to 21 January 1924.

Prince Arthur of Connaught
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught

CB  Companions of the Order of the Bath

CB
No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"


Henry Richard Abadie
Frederick Abbott (Indian Army officer)
Conolly Abel Smith
James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn
Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)
William Scarlett, 3rd Baron Abinger
Edgar Abraham
Matt Abraham
Cecil Ryther Acklom
Allan Adair
Frank Forbes Adam
Cyril Adams
John Adams (Royal Navy officer)
Michael Adams (RAF officer)
Percy Addison
Edward Addison
Charles Adeane
Godfrey Agnew
William Agnew (Royal Navy officer)
Ralph Ainsworth
Terence Airey
Bernard Rackham
Charles Aitken
George Atherton Aitken
Gill Aitken
Robert Hope Moncrieff Aitken
Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle
David Alexander-Sinclair
David Alexander (Royal Marines officer)
Ernest Alexander
James Edward Alexander
Thomas Alexander (military surgeon)
William Alexander (Glasgow MP)
Derek Allen
Fergus Allen
Norman Percy Allen
Robert Allen (footballer)
Robert Calder Allen
Wentworth Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Allendale
Charles Walter Allfrey
Molly Allott
Beilby Alston
Geoffrey Ambler
Alexander Anderson (Royal Marines officer)
Alexander Vass Anderson
Desmond Anderson
John Anderson (civil servant)
Joseph Anderson (British Army officer)
Mark Anderson (Royal Navy officer)
Herbert Andrew
William Andrewes
Anselan John Buchanan Stirling
Tonman Mosley, 1st Baron Anslow
George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797)
Dick Applegate
Frederick Ernest Appleyard
William Arbuthnot Lane, 1st Baronet
Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott
Hugh Archdale
John Charles Ardagh
Robert Arkwright
Ernest Macalpine Armstrong
John Armstrong (bishop of Bermuda)
William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong
William Arrindell
Arthur John Davies
Prince Arthur of Connaught
Thomas Ashburnham
Henry Cubitt, 2nd Baron Ashcombe
Charles Ashe ; Court-Repington
Edward Ashmore (British Army officer)
Leslie Ashmore
Nicholas Ashmore
Leonard Ashton
Henry Askew
Simon Asquith
Edward Astley-Rushton
David Atcherley
Richard Atcherley
Stuart Atha
John Stewart-Murray, 8th Duke of Atholl
Susan Atkins (civil servant)
Henry Aubrey-Fletcher
Robert Auld (British Army officer)
Roy Austen-Smith
Charles Austen
Herbert Henry Austin
Jack d'Avigdor-Goldsmid
Jan Aylen
Reginald Ayres
B
Alexander Backus
Greg Bagwell
Sidney Bailey
William Frederick Bailey
Harold Tom Baillie-Grohman
William A. Baillie-Hamilton
Joseph Baillon
Frederick Ebenezer Baines
Peter Bairsto
John Baker-Carr
Brian Edmund Baker
Euston Baker
William Baker (Indian Army officer)
Thomas Baldock
Jack Baldwin (RAF officer)
Andrew Balfour
Charles Balfour
Hugh Balfour
Philip Balfour
Benjamin Ball (RAF officer)
Charles Alfred Ballance
Colin Robert Ballard
George Alexander Ballard
John Archibald Ballard
Volant Vashon Ballard
Alastair Balls
Percy Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon
Colin Muir Barber
Colville Barclay (diplomat)
John Barker (RAF officer)
Michael Barker (British Army officer)
Gilbert Barling
James Stevenson Barnes
Osmond Barnes
Lionel Barnett
James Clayton Barr
William Cross Barratt
Harold Percy Waller Barrow
Lousada Barrow
Claud Barry
Richard Hugh Barry
Arthur Wollaston Bartholomew
David Ewen Bartholomew
Charles Alfred Bartlett
Geoffrey Barton
J;zef Bartosik
Brian Barttelot
Sir Walter Barttelot, 1st Baronet
Sir Walter Barttelot, 2nd Baronet
James Bashall
Edric Bastyan
Kenneth Bastyan
Edward Bateman
Charles Loftus Bates
Robert Bateson (RAF officer)
Thomas Thynne, 5th Marquess of Bath
John Mount Batten
David Bawtree
Patrick Bayly
Derek Bazalgette
Joseph Bazalgette
William Henry Beach
Alister Beal
Tufton Beamish (Royal Navy officer)
Allan Beard
Edmund Charles Beard
Hugh Beard
George Stewart Beatson
David Beaumont
Charles Edward Beckett
Clifford Thomason Beckett
Edwin Beckett
Arthur Bedford
Peter Beer (RAF officer)
David Belchem
Edward William Derrington Bell
Ernest Arthur Bell
F. S. Bell
Idris Bell
Mark Sever Bell
Sir Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet
William Bellairs
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
William Beloe (Royal Navy officer)
Ralph Benjamin
Ion Hamilton Benn
Don Bennett
Nicholas John Bennett
Paul Bennett (Royal Navy officer)
Henry Roxby Benson
Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet
Noel Beresford-Peirse
Vivian Bernard
Horatio Berney-Ficklin
Gerald Berragan
Bertram Chambers
Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough
Hugh Bethell (British Army officer)
Charles Bethune
John Bevan (British Army officer)
Richard Bevan (Royal Navy officer)
William Beynon (Indian Army officer)
Hilary Biggs
Trevor Bigham
Alfred Biliotti
Gaston Billotte
Cecil Edward Bingham
Clarence Bird
Wilkinson Bird
Theodore Birkbeck
(previous page) (next page)
.......

CB
No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"


A
 Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath; (106 P)
C
 Canadian Companions of the Order of the Bath; (50 P)
N
 New Zealand Companions of the Order of the Bath; (48 P)
Pages in category "Companions of the Order of the Bath"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,706 total.

CB
No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"

CB  Companions of the Order of the Bath
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath
William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
William Arthur   CB RN
(4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
was a Royal Navy officer
after whom Port Arthur in China was named.

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN

CB  =  Order of the Bath,  The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
is a British order of chivalry   founded by George I   on 18 May 1725
The Order consists of the Sovereign (currently King Charles III), the Great Master (currently Prince Charles)
and three Classes of members:
Knight Grand Cross (GCB) or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight Commander (KCB) or Dame Commander (DCB)
Companion (CB)
Members belong to either the Civil or the Military Division.
Prior to 1815, the order had only a single class—Knight Companion (KB)—which no longer exists.
Recipients of the Order are now usually senior military officers or senior civil servants.

CB  Companions of the Order of the Bath

No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN

RN
William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)


William Arthur (Royal Navy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
William Arthur   CB RN
(4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
was a Royal Navy officer
after whom Port Arthur in China was named.

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN

CB  =  Order of the Bath,  The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
is a British order of chivalry   founded by George I   on 18 May 1725
The Order consists of the Sovereign (currently King Charles III), the Great Master (currently Prince Charles)
and three Classes of members:
Knight Grand Cross (GCB) or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight Commander (KCB) or Dame Commander (DCB)
Companion (CB)
Members belong to either the Civil or the Military Division.
Prior to 1815, the order had only a single class—Knight Companion (KB)—which no longer exists.
Recipients of the Order are now usually senior military officers or senior civil servants.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath

No name "William Arthur" CB  (Royal Navy)  in list for "A"    "Arthur"

William Arthur   CB RN
CB RN
CB
RN       - Royal  Navy

RN
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy
Founded 1546; 476 years ago
Country
 Kingdom of England (1546–1707)
 Great Britain (1707–1801)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
 United Kingdom (1922–present)
Type Navy
Role Naval warfare
RN    Royal Navy

There are two lists of Royal Navy ships:

List of active Royal Navy ships
lists all currently commissioned vessels in the Royal Navy.
List of ship names of the Royal Navy
lists all names that Royal Navy ships ever bore.
As another option the menu on the right offers lists of classes for each type of ship.
See also
United Kingdom portal
War portal
Bibliography of 18th-19th century Royal Naval history
List of Royal Navy vessels active in 1981
List of Royal Navy vessels active in 1982
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Royal_Navy_ships

Algerine-class gunboat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine-class_gunboat

For other Algerine ship classes, see Algerine (disambiguation).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine_(disambiguation)

Algerine (disambiguation)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search

Look up Algerine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Algerine means someone from or something related to Algeria or Algiers. It may also refer to:


Contents
1 Ships
2 In geography
3 Horses
4 See also
Ships
HMS Algerine, various ships of the Royal Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Algerine
Three ship classes:
Algerine-class minesweeper
Algerine-class gunboat
Algerine-class gunvessel
In geography
Algerine Hill, New York, US, a mountain
Algerine Island, Nunavut, Canada
Algerine Channel, Nunavut, separating Patterson Island (Findlay Group) and Harrison Island
Algerine Seamount, a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean
Horses
Algerine (horse) (1873–c. 1892), an American Thoroughbred racehorse, winner of the 1876 Belmont Stakes
See also
Algerino (disambiguation)

Algerine-class gunboat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine-class_gunboat

Algerine-class gunboat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



HMS Leven (1857).jpg
Leven rigged as a barquentine
Class overview
Name Algerine-class gunboat
Builders
R & H Green, Blackwall Yard
W. & H. Pitcher, Northfleet
Operators
 Royal Navy
Merchant navy Ensign of the UK British Merchant Navy
Qing dynasty Chinese Imperial Customs
Ottoman Empire Egyptian Government
Preceded by Albacore class
Succeeded by Britomart class
Cost Hull ;5,668, machinery ;4,350 (Jaseur)[Note 1][1]
Built 1856–1857
In commission 1857–1873
Completed 6
Lost 3
Retired 3
General characteristics
Type Wooden screw gunboat (gunvessels from 1859)[1]
Displacement 370 tons
Tons burthen 300 88;94 bm
Length
125 ft 0 in (38.1 m) (gundeck)
110 ft 1.5 in (33.6 m) (keel)
Beam 23 ft 0 in (7.0 m)
Depth of hold 9 ft 3 in (2.8 m)
Installed power
80 nominal horsepower
294 ihp (219 kW)
Propulsion
2-cylinder horizontal direct-acting single-expansion steam engine
Single (hoisting) screw
Sail plan
As built:
Schooner (or "gunboat") rig
Later:
Often a barquentine rig
Speed 9 kn (17 km/h)[1]
Armament
As built:
1 ; 8-inch (200 mm) 68-pounder (87cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun
(in some ships a 10-inch muzzle-loading smoothbore gun instead)
2 ; 24-pounder howitzers
By 1863:
1 ; 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun
1 ; 40-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun

Design profile for the Algerine class
The Algerine-class gunboats were a class of six 3-gun wooden gunboats (reclassified as gunvessels from 1859) built for the Royal Navy in 1857. A further pair were built in India for the Bombay Marine in 1859.

An enlarged version of the very numerous Albacore class, they reflected the change in use from coastal operations towards deep-water cruising, but were delivered too late to see action in the Crimean War. They were the first class of Royal Navy gunboat to incorporate a hoisting screw, which gave them improved performance under sail. The last man hung from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine executed on 13 July 1860 in Leven.

Algerine-class gunboat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerine-class_gunboat

Ships
HMS Algerine, various ships of the Royal Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Algerine


HMS Algerine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
HMS Algerine

Eight (8)  ships of the Royal Navy

have been named

HMS Algerine:

(1)
HMS Algerine (1810)
was a 10-gun schooner launched in 1810 and wrecked in 1813.

(2)
HMS Algerine
was originally a 12-gun gun-brig, formerly the French Pierre Cezar.
She was captured in 1808 and named HMS Tigress.
In 1814, she was converted into a 14-gun cutter
under the name HMS Algerine and was sold in 1818.

(3)
HMS Algerine (1823)
was a 10-gun brig-sloop under the command of Commander Charles Wemyss
when she was lost off Hydra in a squall in early 1826.

(4)
HMS Algerine (1829)
was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1829 and sold in 1844.

(5)
HMS Algerine (1857)
was an Algerine-class wooden screw gunboat launched in 1857,
sold into mercantile service in 1872 and broken up in 1894.

(6)
HMS Algerine (1880)
was an Algerine-class gunvessel built by Harland and Wolff, launched in 1880,
and displacing 835 tons. She was sold in 1892.

(7)
HMS Algerine (1895)
was a Phoenix-class sloop launched in 1895,
displacing 1050 tons.
She was on the China Station during the Boxer Rebellion,
and was sold in 1919 and wrecked in 1923.

(8)
HMS Algerine (J213)
was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1941 and sunk in 1942.


References
 Hepper, David J. (1994) British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. East Sussex: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3


Ships
HMS Algerine, various ships of the Royal Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Algerine


We pick N5

(5)
HMS Algerine (1857)
was an Algerine-class wooden screw gunboat launched in 1857,
sold into mercantile service in 1872 and broken up in 1894.



William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)

William Arthur (Royal Navy)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)



William Arthur               
entered the navy
at age fifteen in July 1845.
Lt. Arthur since 8 March 1854
Commander  Lt. Arthur of  the gunboat HMS Manly since 1856
Commander  Lt. Arthur of the gunvessel HMS Algerine since 4 June 1858
Commander on 1 April 1861
Captain on 15 April 1867.
Captain of the Torpedo School, April 1876 – June 1879.
A naval attache in Washington, D.C., 1879 – 1882
Commander of HMS Hector
as Queen Victoria's guard ship
when the Queen was in residence at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
Rear Admiral on 30 March 1885.
Retaired in a rank of Rear Admiral.
Death: Bakeham Grange, Egham, on 15 November 1886, aged 56.
Buried at St Mary's Church, Atherington, Devon with his family;
his father had been rector there.
His widow,
Mary Jane Arthur   (nee le Mesurier)
erected a monument to her husband in St Ann's Church, HMNB Portsmouth.

On 4 June 1858
he was given command of the gunvessel HMS Algerine.
In August 1860,
during the Second Opium War,

Port Arthur
was named by Commander John Ward of HMS Actaeon,
after Lt. Arthur,
whose Algerine
was the first British ship
to enter the harbour at Lushun,
at that time an unfortified fishing village.

The British referred to
Lushun as Port Arthur
from this point on,

and the Russians
and other Western powers adopted the British name.

Port Arthur
was a fortified harbour city
which changed hands several times,
variously occupied
by Britain, Imperial Russia, Japan and the Soviet Union
before returning to Chinese ownership in 1950.


William Arthur  (Roayl Navy)   
 (4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))

References

 "The Name Port Arthur, History and Origin of How It Was Applied".
Los Angeles Herald,
Volume XXXI, Number 300, 25 July 1904
(accessed at UCR Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research).
Retrieved 11 December 2020.

"THE NAME PORT ARTHUR History and Origin of How It Was Applied

Out of the bristling array of Chings, Shans and Tungs which faces any observer of the map of Manchuria, the name of Port Arthur must always stare like a round-eyed, red-cheeked Englishman from a crowd of sallow, al-mond-eyed Chinese. Doubtless it has been a matter of wonder to many why this fortress at the foot of the Liao Tung peninsula, which has been the central figure in two wars, should bear
the name It does.

A curious person, who failed after diligent search, to find any explanation,
wrote to the Congressional library.
In reply he received
the following from A. P. C. Griffin, chief of the bureau

<Jf bibliography:

"The origin of the name of Port Arthur
is told in the following words by Wllliam Blakeney,
a member of an expedition which visited Port Arthur in 1860,
printed in the United Service Magazine, vol. 139, July, 1898:
"'We anchored for the night in Pigeon bay,
about five miles north of the promontory,
and having ascended next morning to the summit,
some 1500 feet above the sea,
we thence obtained our first view of
the now celebrated Port Arthur—
so named by Commander John Ward, of the Actaeon,
after Lieut. William Arthur,
whose ship, the Algerine, was the first to enter it.
The next page from my dairy records the circumstance,
and the photograph ot this officer',
at the beginning of my article, was taken some years after,
when he was captain
of the guardship of honor of her majesty off Cowes.' Chicago Chronicle." "

from

"The Name Port Arthur, History and Origin of How It Was Applied".
Los Angeles Herald,
Volume XXXI, Number 300, 25 July 1904


 "Biography of William Arthur R.N."
https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1200

William Arthur R.N. Explanation
 
Date (from) (Date to) Personal
4 July 1830 Born
1881 C.B. (Companion of the Bath)
15 November 1886 Died (Egham)
 
Date Rank
July 1845 Entered Navy
8 March 1854 Lieutenant
1 April 1861 Commander
15 April 1867 Captain
30 March 1885 Retired Rear-Admiral
 
Date from Date to Service

7 March 1856  - July 1856   Lieutenant and commander in Manly (until paying off at Sheerness)
7 August 1856  - [    ] Lieutenant in Cambridge, commanded by Charles Joseph Frederick Ewart, gunnery ship, Devonport
4 June 1858   - 24 November 1860   Lieutenant and commander in Algerine, China
14 May 1863  - 15 March 1864         Commander in Landrail (until paying off at Woolwich), West Iindies
22 March 1864 -  3 September 1866   Commander (2ic) in Excellent, commanded by Astley Cooper Key, gunnery ship, Portsmouth
3 September 1866  - [    ]        Commander (2ic) in Excellent, commanded by Arthur William Acland Hood, gunnery ship, Portsmouth
1 September 1871   -   18 May 1875   Captain in Iron Duke (until paying off at Plymouth), flagship of Vice-Admiral Charles Frederick Alexander Shadwell, Hong Kong
May 1876           - [    ]   Captain in Vernon, torpedo school, Portmouth
1882      - [    ]                Naval Attache in Washington
29 November 1882 Captain in Hector, Ship of First Reserve, Coast Guard, Southampton Water
30 March 1885     Retired Rear-Admiral

from

 "Biography of William Arthur R.N."
https://www.pdavis.nl/ShowBiog.php?id=1200


William Arthur  (Roayl Navy)     (4 July 1830 – 15 November 1886 (56))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_(Royal_Navy)

Siege of Port Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur


--- xxx ---

--- xxx ---

PORT ARTHUR
ПОРТ  АРТУР
Люйшунькоу
Люйшунь
Рёдзюн
Lushunkou District
Lyushunkou District
Lushunkou                (Люйшунькоу)
Lushun City  (Lushun Sh;) 
Lushun Port  (Lushun Gang)
Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur)
Ryojun (Japanese)
Lushunkou Qu  is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China.

--- xxx ---

The district's area is 512.15 square kilometres (197.74 sq mi) .
Population as of 2010 is 324,773.

Lushunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula.
It has an excellent natural harbor,
the possession and control of which became a casus belli of
the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05).

Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905
when control was ceded to Japan.

During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lushunkou District
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L;shunkou_District

Люйшунькоу
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Люйшунькоу

--- xxx ---

Осада Порт-Артура. Русско-Японская война.
Siege of Port Arthur .  Russian - Japan War

--- xxx ---

Почему россияне  сражались за свой город с именем
английского короля Артура? Основателя Королевства Англия?

В честь кого был назван город Порт Артур?
в названии города как Артур?

Почему христиане англичане
выступили против христиан россиян
и поддержали захват города Порт Артур
Японией и Китаем?

Эти тайны нам неизвестны до сих пор.
И я сомневаюсь, тут легко что-то узнать,
а, потому и не претендую на истину в последней инстанции,
как тема больная, много мужчин были убиты в сражениях.

Я публикую часть справочного материала, С Википедии,
в Интернете можно найти больше информации и фоток.

--- xxx ---

Why did the Russians fight for their city with the name
of the English King Arthur? The founder of the Kingdom of England?

After whom was the city of Port Arthur named?
in the name of the city as Arthur?

Why did the British Christians
oppose the Russian
Christians and support the capture of the city of Port Arthur
Japan and China?

These secrets are still unknown to us.
And I doubt it's easy to find out something here,
and that's why I don't pretend to be the ultimate truth,
as the topic is sick, many men were killed in battles.

I publish part of the reference material from Wikipedia,
you can find more information and photos on the Internet.

--- xxx ---

PORT ARTHUR

ПОРТ  АРТУР

Pоrt Arthur
https://proza.ru/2022/09/10/58
http://stihi.ru/2022/09/10/346

Порт Артур
https://proza.ru/2022/09/10/59
http://stihi.ru/2022/09/10/350