Liliputin- 5185

Bread and butter are the nuts and bolts of a blockbuster movie ... "
Bernardo Bertolucci

Liliputins. What, the heck, is this?
http://stihi.ru/2021/11/24/7101

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bread and butter
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
bread and butter
1. noun A vital component of something. Bread and butter, as foodstuffs, are considered basic forms of sustenance.
A flourishing stock market is the bread and butter of a successful country.
These so-called "ordinary" employees are the bread and butter of our company. Every single one of them deserves a Christmas bonus!
All of these scheduling conflicts have been disastrous for students and teachers alike. Scheduling truly is the bread and butter of a low-stress semester.
2. noun A job or task that provides one with a steady income.
I'm an artist on the weekends, but being a tutor is my bread and butter.
So many aspiring actors never make it. You're very lucky that acting has been your bread and butter.
Sure, if a 9-to-5 office job were my bread and butter, it would offer some stability, but it would also feel positively stifling.
3. adjective Providing financial stability. The phrase can be hyphenated when used as an adjective.
I love any writing assignment where I can be creative, but I always make sure to pick up some bread-and-butter gigs to pay the bills.
Pop, I know you like fixing up these machines, but you really need a bread-and-butter job that makes you actual money.
My parents are fine with me being an artist part-time because I also have a bread-and-butter office job.
4. adjective Typical or common. The phrase can be hyphenated when used as an adjective.
My sister worries about everything, even the bread-and-butter tasks of everyday life.
They hired me to be a file clerk, so I can only assume that filing paperwork will be one of my bread-and-butter duties.
Kids today need to be taught real bread-and-butter skills, like how to balance a checkbook.
See also: and, bread, butter
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2024 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved.
someone's bread and butter
Fig. someone's basic income; someone's livelihood—the source of one's food. I can't miss another day of work. That's my bread and butter. I worked as a bartender for a year, and it was the tips that were my bread and butter.
See also: and, bread, butter
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
bread and butter
1. The essential, sustaining element, as in The quality of the schools is the bread and butter of town property values. This idiom alludes to a basic food, bread spread with butter. [c. 1700]
2. Means of livelihood, as in John's job is the family's bread and butter. [First half of 1700s]
3. Ordinary, routine, as in Don't worry about it; this is just a bread and butter assignment. [Second half of 1800s]
See also: and, bread, butter
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 2003, 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
bread and butter
COMMON
1. If something is your bread and butter, it is your most important or only source of income. `Who's your audience?' — `We play maybe a hundred colleges a year. That is our bread and butter.' I think I'm more controlled at work. I have to be; it's my bread and butter. Note: Your bread-and-butter business is the part of your business which produces the main part of your income. It's not exactly thrilling but it's good bread-and-butter work all the same.
2. The bread and butter of a situation or activity is its most basic or important aspects. It's the bread and butter of police work, checking if anybody had seen anything suspicious. Note: You can also talk about bread-and-butter issues or aspects of something. On major bread-and-butter issues, there's little difference between the candidates.
See also: and, bread, butter
Collins COBUILD Idioms Dictionary, 3rd ed. © HarperCollins Publishers 2012
someone's bread and butter someone's livelihood; routine work to provide an income.
1998 Times It is not that the smaller deal has disappeared—they remain the bread and butter of this industry.
See also: and, bread, butter
Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary © Farlex 2017
your ;bread and ;butter the work that somebody does which provides them with enough money to live: He’s written one or two novels but journalism is his bread and butter.
See also: and, bread, butter
Farlex Partner Idioms Dictionary © Farlex 2017
bread and butter
n. one’s livelihood. It’s bread and butter to me. I have to do it.
See also: and, bread, butter
McGraw-Hill's Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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nuts and bolts
noun
Synonyms of nuts and bolts
1 : the working parts or elements
2 : the practical workings of a machine or enterprise as opposed to theoretical considerations or speculative possibilities
nuts-and-bolts
 
 adjective

Synonyms
brass tacks
nitty-gritty
ropes
Examples of nuts and bolts in a Sentence
the nuts and bolts of the merger of the two companies have yet to be worked out
Recent Examples on the Web
And there's a lot of details that are still yet to be determined about exactly how that's going to be done, but that's the basic nuts and bolts of it.
—Taylor Wilson, USA TODAY, 28 May 2024
Titan Mini Magnetic Parts Tray Buy on Amazon $8 A workbench essential, this small magnetic tray is a convenient place for your favorite handyman to stash spare nuts and bolts.
—Quincy Bulin, Parents, 11 June 2024
An innovation came in 1912 when Fred Clarke of the Pittsburgh Pirates used nuts and bolts to create a device that allowed sunglasses to flip up under the brim of the baseball cap, solving the problem of regular glasses falling off.
—Junfu Han, Detroit Free Press, 24 Feb. 2024
Everybody else is just nuts and bolts like 5:00 on Thursday.
—Erin Clack, Peoplemag, 20 Apr. 2024


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The French Actress Who Was Raped In a Film and Everything Was Recorded.

The Ultimate Expedition
Jul 4, 2024

In 1972, a French actress took on a mega role that was meant to catapult her to the height of superstardom. Unfortunately, the movie had the opposite impact on her career as the public vehemently opposed a scandalous scene she featured in. She got forcefully violated in an intimate scene that left a damaging stigma on her life and career till she passed on. Why was she violated in such a manner? Who was responsible for forcing such a lewd scene down her throat? Join us as we dive deep into the harrowing story of the French actress who was molested in a film as every disturbing detail was recorded.

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butter as lubricant

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Last Tango in Paris and related controversies
Schneider gained international renown for her performance at the age of 19 in the sexually explicit Last Tango in Paris (1972), directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. In a graphic portrayal of anonymous sex with an older man, she performed several nude scenes, including a rape scene that Bertolucci did not reveal to her until just before the filming of it. In 2007, she said:

I should have called my agent or had my lawyer come to the set because you can't force someone to do something that isn't in the script, but at the time, I didn't know that. Marlon said to me: 'Maria, don't worry, it's just a movie,' but during the scene, even though what Marlon was doing wasn't real, I was crying real tears. I felt humiliated and to be honest, I felt a little raped, both by Marlon and by Bertolucci. After the scene, Marlon didn't console me or apologise. Thankfully, there was just one take.

In 2013, Bertolucci said he had withheld the information from her to generate a real "reaction of frustration and rage". Brando alleged that Bertolucci had wanted the characters to have real sex, but Brando and Schneider both said it was simulated. Actress Jessica Tovey, writing in The Guardian, argued that Bertolucci's defense of pursuing an artistic vision was "bogus" and that what occurred was "a violation." Tovey also observed that it is difficult to imagine the "roles being reversed; Brando being brutalized only to discover midway through filming that Schneider and Bertolucci had conspired to add an element of humiliation."

In 2001, Schneider commented:

Last Tango ... first major role. In fact, it's a total coincidence. I was friends with Dominique Sanda. She would make the film with Jean-Louis Trintignant, but she was pregnant. She had a large picture with her of both of us. Bertolucci saw it. He made me do a casting ... I regretted my choice since the beginning of my career would have been sweeter, quieter. For Tango, I was not prepared. People have identified with a character that was not me. Butter, about saucy old pigs ... Even Marlon with his charisma and class, felt a bit violated, exploited a little in this film. He rejected it for years. And me, I felt it doubly.

In the 1970s, criminal proceedings were brought against Bertolucci in Italy for obscenity; the film was sequestered by the censorship commission and all copies were ordered destroyed. An Italian court revoked Bertolucci's civil rights for five years and gave him a four-month suspended prison sentence. In 1978 the Appeals Court of Bologna ordered three copies of the film to be preserved in the national film library with the stipulation that they could not be viewed, until Bertolucci was later able to re-submit it for general distribution with no cuts.

Schneider said that due to her experience with the film – and her treatment afterward as a sex symbol rather than as a serious actress – she decided never to work nude again. She started struggling with depression, became a drug addict and made several suicide attempts.

She later became a women's rights advocate, in particular fighting for more female film directors, more respect for female actors, and better representation of women in film and media.
I'm still struggling for the image of women in film and I'm still working, not as much as I would like to because for a woman in her late forties, it's hard to find work. Not only in France. I had a chat with Anjelica Huston last year. We spoke about the same problem, you know. I don't know where it comes from? The writers, the producers, or the directors. But I think it's a pity even for the public. We get a response to see a mature woman in film. We see many, many macho men in film. An actress like Meryl Streep doesn't work as much as Bob De Niro.


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A blockbuster is a work of entertainment—typically used to describe a feature film produced by a major film studio, but also other media—that is highly popular and financially successful.

***

Last Tango in Paris (Italian: Ultimo tango a Parigi; French: Le Dernier Tango ; Paris) is a 1972 erotic drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. The film stars Marlon Brando, Maria Schneider and Jean-Pierre L;aud, and portrays a recently widowed American who begins an anonymous sexual relationship with a young Parisian woman.

The film premiered at the New York Film Festival on 14 October 1972 and grossed $36 million in its U.S. theatrical release,[2] making it the seventh highest-grossing film of 1973. The film's raw portrayal of rape and emotional turmoil led to international controversy and drew various levels of government censorship in different jurisdictions. Upon release in the United States, the MPAA gave the film an X rating. United Artists Classics released an R-rated cut in 1981. In 1997, after the film became part of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer library, the film was reclassified as NC-17.

Plot
Paul, a middle-aged American hotel owner mourning the suicide of his wife Rosa, meets a young, engaged Parisian woman named Jeanne at an apartment that both are interested in renting. Paul takes the apartment after they begin an anonymous sexual relationship there. He insists that they not share any personal information, even given names, much to Jeanne's dismay. At one point in their relationship, he rapes her. Despite this, she tells him that she tries to leave him, but can't bring herself to do it. The affair continues for some time until Paul decides to leave Jeanne, after which she arrives at the apartment and finds that he has packed up and left without warning.

Paul later meets Jeanne on the street and says he wants to renew the relationship. He tells her of the recent tragedy of his wife. As he tells his life story, they walk into a tango bar, where he continues telling her about himself. The loss of anonymity disillusions Jeanne about their relationship. She tells Paul she does not want to see him again. Paul, not wanting to let Jeanne go, chases her through the streets of Paris. While running, she continually yells at him to go away and tells him that their relationship is over. Despite her threats to call the police, he chases her all the way back to her building and forces his way into her apartment. He mocks her for running away from him, followed by him saying he loves her and wants to know her name.

Jeanne takes a gun from a drawer. She tells Paul her name and shoots him. Paul staggers out onto the balcony, mortally wounded, and collapses. As Paul dies, Jeanne, dazed, mutters to herself that he was just a stranger who tried to rape her and she did not know who he was, as if in a rehearsal preparing herself for questioning by the police.

Cast
Marlon Brando as Paul, an American expatriate and hotel owner
Maria Schneider as Jeanne, a young Parisian woman
Jean-Pierre L;aud as Thomas, a film director and Jeanne's fianc;
Maria Michi as Rosa's mother
Massimo Girotti as Marcel, Rosa's former lover
Giovanna Galletti as the prostitute, an old acquaintance of Rosa
Catherine All;gret as Catherine, a maid at Paul and Rosa's hotel
Gitt Magrini as Jeanne's mother
Luce Marquand as Olympia, Jeanne's former childhood nurse
Dan Diament as the TV sound engineer
Catherine Sola as the script girl
Mauro Marchetti as the TV cameraman
Peter Schommer as the TV assistant cameraman
Catherine Breillat as Mouchette, a dressmaker
Marie-H;l;ne Breillat as Monique, a dressmaker
Darling L;gitimus as the Concierge
Veronica Laz;r as Rosa, Paul's deceased wife
Armand Abplanalp as the prostitute's client
Rachel Kesterber as Christine
Ram;n Mendiz;bal as the Tango orchestra leader
Mimi Pinson as the President of Tango jury
G;rard Lepennec as the tall furniture mover
St;phane Koziak as the short furniture mover
Michel Delahaye (scenes deleted) as the Bible salesman
Laura Betti (scenes deleted) as Miss Blandish
Jean-Luc Bideau (scenes deleted) as the Barge Captain[3]
Gianni Pulone (scenes deleted)
Franca Sciutto (scenes deleted)
Production

The Pont de Bir-Hakeim in Paris, where numerous scenes were shot
Bernardo Bertolucci developed the film from his sexual fantasies: "He once dreamed of seeing a beautiful nameless woman on the street and having sex with her without ever knowing who she was".[4] The screenplay was by Bertolucci, Franco Arcalli, and Agn;s Varda (additional dialogue). It was later adapted as a novel by Robert Alley. The film was directed by Bertolucci with cinematography by Vittorio Storaro.

Bertolucci originally intended to cast Dominique Sanda, who developed the idea with him, and Jean-Louis Trintignant. Trintignant refused and, when Brando accepted, Sanda was pregnant and decided not to do the film.[4] Brando received a percentage of the gross for the film and was estimated to have earned $3 million.[5]

Maria Schneider stated in 2001 that her role in the original script was intended to be played by a boy.[6]

An art lover, Bertolucci drew inspiration from the works of the Irish-born British artist Francis Bacon for the opening sequence of cast and crew credits.[7] According to American artist Andy Warhol, the Last Tango film was based on Warhol's own Blue Movie film released a few years earlier in 1969.[8]

After the film's release, criminal proceedings were brought in Italy against the film for "esasperato pansessualismo fine a se stesso" ("aggravated, gratuitous pansexualism"). The final judgment of the Court of Appeal (Cassazione) delivered on 29 January 1976 ordered that the film be seized by the censorship commission and that all copies be destroyed. Scriptwriter Franco Arcalli, producer Alberto Grimaldi, director Bernardo Bertolucci, and Marlon Brando were each given suspended sentences of two months imprisonment.

Rape scene
The film contains a scene in which Paul anally rapes Jeanne using butter as a lubricant. While the rape is simulated, Schneider has said the scene still had a tremendously negative effect on her. In a 2006 interview, Schneider said that the scene was not in the script and that "when they told me, I had a burst of anger. Woo! I threw everything. And nobody can force someone to do something not in the script. But I didn't know that. I was too young."[9] In 2007, Schneider recounted feelings of sexual humiliation pertaining to the rape scene:

They only told me about it before we had to film the scene and I was so angry. I should have called my agent or had my lawyer come to the set because you can't force someone to do something that isn't in the script, but at the time, I didn't know that. Marlon said to me: 'Maria, don't worry, it's just a movie', but during the scene, even though what Marlon was doing wasn't real, I was crying real tears. I felt humiliated and to be honest, I felt a little raped, both by Marlon and by Bertolucci. After the scene, Marlon didn't console me or apologize. Thankfully, there was just one take.[10]

In 2011, Bertolucci denied that he "stole her youth" (she was 19 at the time of filming), and commented, "The girl wasn't mature enough to understand what was going on."[11] Schneider remained friends with Brando until his death in 2004, but never made up with Bertolucci. She also claimed that Brando and Bertolucci "made a fortune" from the film while she made very little money.[12]

Schneider died in 2011. In February 2013, Bertolucci spoke about the film's effect on Schneider on the Dutch television show College Tour. In the interview, Bertolucci clarified that although the rape scene was in the script, the detail of using butter as a lubricant was improvised the day of shooting and Schneider did not know about the use of the butter beforehand. Bertolucci said that "I feel guilty, but I don't regret it."[13][14]

In September 2013, Bertolucci spoke again about the scene at a retrospective at the Cin;math;que Fran;aise, claiming that the scene was in the script but the use of butter was not. Bertolucci said that he and Brando "decided not to say anything to Maria to get a more realistic response".[15]

In November 2016, a slightly different version of the 2013 College Tour interview was uploaded to YouTube[16] by the Spanish non-profit El Mundo de Alycia on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women,[17] accompanied by a statement concluding that the scene "abused [Schneider] psychologically and, who knows if also, physically..."[18] This gained attention when Yahoo! Movies writer Tom Butler wrote an article about it[19] prompting several celebrities to condemn the film and Bertolucci[20] and a number of newspapers picked up on the story, reporting that Bertolucci had confessed to Schneider being raped on set, prompting Bertolucci to release a statement, clarifying that a simulation and not an actual intercourse took place.[21][17]

Bertolucci also shot a scene which showed Brando's genitals, but in 1973 explained, "I had so identified myself with Brando that I cut it out of shame for myself. To show him naked would have been like showing me naked."[22] Schneider declared in an interview that "Marlon said he felt raped and manipulated by it and he was 48. And he was Marlon Brando!".[22] Like Schneider, Brando confirmed that the sex was simulated.[17] Brando refused to speak to Bertolucci for 15 years after the production was completed. Bertolucci said:

I was thinking that it was like a dialogue where he was really answering my questions in a way. When at the end of the movie, when he saw it, I discovered that he realized what we were doing, that he was delivering so much of his own experience. And he was very upset with me, and I told him, "Listen, you are a grown-up. Older than me. Didn't you realize what you were doing?" And he didn't talk to me for years.[23][24]

Francis Bacon influence

Double Portrait of Lucian Freud and Frank Auerbach (left side, oil on canvas, 1964)

Study for a Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne (oil on canvas, 1964)
The film's opening credits include two paintings by Francis Bacon: Double Portrait of Lucian Freud and Frank Auerbach and Study for a Portrait of Isabel Rawsthorne. The hues used in the film were inspired by the paintings of Bacon.[25] During pre-production, Bertolucci frequently visited an exhibit of Bacon's paintings at the Grand Palais in Paris; he said that the light and colour in Bacon's paintings reminded him of Paris in the winter, when

the lights of the stores are on, and there is a very beautiful contrast between the leaden gray of the wintry sky and the warmth of the show windows...the light in the paintings was the major source of inspiration for the style we were looking for.[26]

Bacon's painting style often depicted human skin like raw meat and the painter's inspiration included meat hanging in a butcher shops window and human skin diseases.[26]

Cinematographer Vittorio Storaro had previously worked with Bertolucci on The Conformist and often used an azure hue in the film. Storaro later told a reporter that

after The Conformist I had a moment of crisis; I was asking myself: what can come after azure?...I did not have the slightest idea that an orange film could be born. We needed another kind of emotion...It was the case of Last Tango.[26]

For Last Tango in Paris, Bertolucci and Storaro took inspiration from Bacon's paintings by using "rich oranges, light and cool grays, icy whites, and occasional reds combine[d] with Bertolucci's own tasteful choices of soft browns, blond browns, and delicate whites with bluish and pink shadings".[27]

Bertolucci took Marlon Brando to the Bacon exhibit and told Brando that he "wanted him to compare himself with Bacon's human figures because I felt that, like them, Marlon's face and body were characterized by a strange and infernal plasticity. I wanted Paul to be like the figures that obsessively return in Bacon: faces eaten by something coming from the inside."[26]

Brando's lines
As was his practice in previous films, Brando refused to memorize his lines for many of the scenes. Instead, he wrote his lines on cue cards and posted them around the set, leaving Bertolucci with the problem of keeping them out of the picture frame. During his long monologue over the body of his wife, for example, Brando's dramatic lifting of his eyes upward is not spontaneous dramatic acting but a search for his next cue card.[28] Brando asked Bertolucci if he could "write lines on Maria's rear end", which the director rejected.[22]

Soundtrack
Last Tango in Paris
Soundtrack album by Gato Barbieri
Released 1973
Recorded 20–25 November 1972
Rome Italy
Genre Film score
Label United Artists
UA-LA-045-F
Producer Alberto Grimaldi
Gato Barbieri chronology
Under Fire
(1971) Last Tango in Paris
(1973) Bolivia
(1973)
 
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
AllMusic [29]
The film score was composed by Gato Barbieri, arranged and conducted by Oliver Nelson, and the soundtrack album was released on the United Artists label.[30][31] AllMusic's Richie Unterberger noted "Although some of the smoky sax solos get a little uncomfortably close to 1970s fusion clich;, Gato Barbieri's score to Bertolucci's 1972 classic is an overall triumph. Suspenseful jazz, melancholy orchestration, and actual tangos fit the film's air of erotic longing, melancholy despair, and doomed fate".[29] The soundtrack includes "Six Penny Ride" by Trevor Duncan (1924-2005).

Track listing
All compositions by Gato Barbieri.

"Last Tango in Paris - Tango" – 3:23
"Jeanne" – 2:34
"Girl in Black - Tango (Para mi Negra)" – 2:06
"Last Tango in Paris - Ballad" – 3:43
"Fake Ophelia" – 2:57
"Picture in the Rain" – 1:51
"Return - Tango (La Vuelta)" – 3:04
"It's Over" – 3:15
"Goodbye (Un Largo Adios)" – 2:32
"Why Did She Choose You?" – 3:00
"Last Tango in Paris - Jazz Waltz" – 5:44
Personnel
Gato Barbieri – tenor saxophone, flute, vocal
Franco D'Andrea – piano
Franco Goldani, Wolmer Beltrani – accordion
Jean-Fran;ois Jenny-Clark, Giovanni Tommaso – bass
Pierino Munari – drums
Afonso Vieira – percussion, berimbau
Ivanir "Mandrake" do Nascimento – percussion, tambourine
Orchestra arranged and conducted by Oliver Nelson
Reception
The film premiered as the closing film at the New York Film Festival on 14 October 1972, with high demand and enormous public controversy. The film did not have any press screenings due to concerns that the film was being shown against Italian law after the Italian censors had not passed the film. The lack of screenings increased demand for the film with some offering $100 to buy a ticket.[32]

The film opened in late 1972 in France, where filmgoers stood in two-hour queues for the first month of its run at the seven cinemas where it was screened.[28] It gained unanimous positive reviews in every major French publication.[33] To circumvent Spanish state censorship, thousands of Spaniards travelled hundreds of kilometers to reach French cinemas in Biarritz and Perpignan where Tango was playing.[34] Following that, it was released in the United States, Great Britain, and other venues.

The film generated considerable controversy because of its subject and graphic portrayal of sex. Schneider provided frank interviews in the wake of Tango's controversy, claiming she had slept with 50 men and 20 women, that she was "bisexual completely", and that she had used heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. She also said of Bertolucci, "He's quite clever and more free and very young. Everybody was digging what he was doing, and we were all very close."[35]

During the publicity for the film's release, Bertolucci said Schneider developed an "Oedipal [sic] fixation with Brando".[22] Schneider said Brando sent her flowers after they first met, and "from then on he was like a daddy".[28] In a later interview, Schneider denied this, saying, "Brando tried to be very paternalistic with me, but it really wasn't any father-daughter relationship."[22] However, in 2007, she said that "for me, he was more like a father figure and I a daughter."[36]

In Italy, the film was released on 15 December 1972, grossing an unprecedented $100,000 in six days.[37] One week later, however, police seized all copies on the order of a prosecutor, who defined the film as "self-serving pornography", and its director was put on trial for "obscenity". Following first degree and appeal trials, the fate of the film was sealed on 26 January 1976 by the Italian Supreme Court, which sentenced all copies to be destroyed (though some were preserved by the National Film Library). Bertolucci was served with a four-month suspended sentence in prison and had his civil rights revoked for five years, depriving him of voting rights.[38] It grossed 7 billion lire ($3.9 million) in its initial release in Italy. It was re-released in 1987 where it grossed an additional 5 billion lire ($2.7 million). In 2000, it was listed as the second-highest grossing Italian film in Italy adjusted for inflation.[39]

Response in United States
October 14, 1972... should become a landmark in movie history comparable to May 29, 1913—the night Le Sacre du Printemps was first performed—in music history... Last Tango in Paris has the same kind of hypnotic excitement as the Sacre, the same primitive force, and the same thrusting, jabbing eroticism. The movie breakthrough has finally come.

—Pauline Kael[40]

The film opened February 1, 1973 at the Trans-Lux East in New York City with a $5 ticket price and advance sales of $100,000,[41][42] grossing $41,280 in its first week.[43] The media frenzy surrounding the film generated intense popular interest as well as moral condemnation, and the film was featured in cover stories in both Time and Newsweek[22] magazines. Playboy published a photo spread of Brando and Schneider "cavorting in the nude".[22] Time wrote,

Any moviegoers who are not shocked, titillated, disgusted, fascinated, delighted or angered by this early scene in Bernardo Bertolucci's new movie, Last Tango in Paris, should be patient. There is more to come. Much more.[28]

The Village Voice reported walkouts by board members and "vomiting by well-dressed wives".[44] Columnist William F. Buckley and ABC's Harry Reasoner denounced the film as "pornography disguised as art".[22]

After local government officials failed to ban the film in Montclair, New Jersey, theatergoers had to push through a mob of 200 outraged residents, who hurled epithets like "perverts" and "homos" at the attendees. Later, a bomb threat temporarily halted the showing.[45] The New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women denounced the film as a tool of "male domination".[46]

The film's scandal centred mostly on an anal rape scene, featuring Paul's use of butter as a lubricant.[47] According to Schneider, the scene was not in the original script, but was Brando's idea.[9] Other critics focused on when the character Paul asks Jeanne to insert her fingers in his anus, then asks her to prove her devotion to him by, among other things, having sex with a pig. Vincent Canby of The New York Times described the film's sexual content as the artistic expression of the "era of Norman Mailer and Germaine Greer"[48] and was upset about the high ticket price.[41]

Film critic Pauline Kael endorsed the film,[49] writing that "Tango has altered the face of an art form. This is a movie people will be arguing about for as long as there are movies."[28] She called it "the most powerfully erotic movie ever made, and it may turn out to be the most liberating movie ever made."[50] United Artists reprinted the whole of Kael's rave as a double-page advertisement in the Sunday New York Times. Kael's review of Last Tango in Paris is regarded as the most influential piece of her career.[51]

Many feminist film critics disliked the film. In a 1974 review in Jump Cut, E. Ann Kaplan criticized it for featuring "a one-sided relationship seen mostly through Paul's eyes."[52] In Women and Their Sexuality in the New Film, (1974) one of the first explicitly feminist books on film, Joan Mellen complains about a similar issue, that Jeanne constantly gives way to Paul, "the man who is made more interesting in every way."[53] However, a few did enjoy it, such as Molly Haskell, who responded to feminist criticism in From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies (1974) by noting that women more than men seemed to respond to the film, and that female sexual fantasies can include "rape, sadism, submission, liberation, and anonymous sex."[54]

The American critic Roger Ebert repeatedly described Kael’s review as "the most famous movie review ever published", and he added the film to his "Great Movies" collection.[55] American director Robert Altman expressed unqualified praise: "I walked out of the screening and said to myself, 'How dare I make another film?' My personal and artistic life will never be the same."[22]

Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected 44 reviews and gave the film an approval rating of 82%, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Naturalistic but evocative, Last Tango in Paris is a vivid exploration of pain, love, and sex featuring a typically towering Marlon Brando performance."[56]

In 2004, director Martin Scorsese compared this "towering Brando performance" to the actor's turn as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront (1954) and noted that "[w]hen you watch his work in ... Last Tango in Paris, you’re watching the purest poetry imaginable, in dynamic motion".[57]

Ethan Hawke considered Brando's work a seminal moment in the movement of performance. Praising both the star and the director of the film, Hawke told Richard Linklater and Louis Black that, "Brando upped [On the Waterfront] with Last Tango."[58] Pauline Kael, in her aforementioned review, had echoed the same sentiments by saying, "On the screen Brando is our genius as [Norman] Mailer is our genius in literature … Paul feels so 'real' and the character is brought so close that a new dimension in screen acting has been reached."

Richard Brody of The New Yorker praised the personal nature of Brando's role, commenting in his review of Listen to Me Marlon (2015) that,

"When Brando said what he himself had to say, it was indeed of a unique value. That's why the best of Brando is when he's closest to himself, as in ... Bernardo Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris, from 1972. It isn’t only his words that are better than those of the screenwriters; his persona, his character, is greater than those that are scripted."[59]

In 2019, actor Brad Pitt said the film from the past he'd most like to have starred in is Last Tango in Paris, "Brando. That one hurts."[60] Premiere had named Brando's performance the 27th-greatest film performance of all time in April 2006.[61]

The film was given a nationwide release on February 7, 1973, and grossed $36 million in the United States and Canada,[2] the seventh highest-grossing film of 1973.

Other international responses
British censors reduced the duration of the sodomy sequence before permitting the film to be released in the United Kingdom,[62] though it is not cut in later releases. Mary Whitehouse, a Christian morality campaigner, expressed outrage that the film had been certified "X" rather than banned outright, and Labour MP Maurice Edelman denounced the classification as "a licence to degrade".[63]

The film was censored in Spain during the Franco regime and was not released until December 1977.[64] Chile banned the film entirely for nearly thirty years under its military government,[65] and the film was similarly suppressed in Portugal, until the Carnation Revolution in 1974, when its premi;re became an example of the freedom democracy allows.[66] The same happened in Brazil during the period of military dictatorship when the film was censored, until it was finally released in 1979.[67] Other countries that banned it include Argentina,[68] South Korea,[69] Singapore,[66][70] and Venezuela.[71][72]

In Australia, the film was released uncut with an R certificate by the Australian Classification Board on 1 February 1973. It received a VHS release by Warner Home Video with the same classification on 1 January 1987, forbidding sale or hire to anyone under the age of 18.[73]

In Canada, the film was banned by the Nova Scotia Board of Censors, leading to the landmark 1978 Supreme Court of Canada split decision in Nova Scotia (Board of Censors) v McNeil, which upheld the provinces' right to censor films.[74]

Accolades
Brando received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Bertolucci was nominated for Best Director.[75]

In 2002, the film ranked #48 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions.[76]

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Bibliography
Arcalli, Franco; Bertolucci, Bernardo (1972). Bernardo Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris, the screenplay. New York: Delacorte Press.
Tonetti, Claretta Micheletti (1995). Bernardo Bertolucci, The Cinema of Ambiguity. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-9313-5.
External links
 Media related to Ultimo tango a Parigi at Wikimedia Commons
 Quotations related to Last Tango in Paris at Wikiquote
Last Tango in Paris at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
Last Tango in Paris at AllMovie Edit this at Wikidata
Last Tango in Paris at the TCM Movie Database
Last Tango in Paris at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
Last Tango in Paris at Metacritic Edit this at Wikidata
Last Tango in Paris at Rotten Tomatoes Edit this at Wikidata
Pauline Kael's review
Maria Schneider filmography
Last Tango in Paris Archived 8 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine – slideshow by Life magazine